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J.C. Ho
Moderator of
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MA 07 - ALK, ROS and HER2 (ID 673)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Advanced NSCLC
- Presentations: 15
- Moderators:Robert C. Doebele, J.C. Ho
- Coordinates: 10/17/2017, 15:45 - 17:30, Room 316
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MA 07.01 - Patients with ALK IHC-Positive/FISH-Negative NSCLC Benefit from ALK TKI Treatment: Response Data from the Global ALEX Trial (ID 9008)
15:45 - 15:50 | Presenting Author(s): Tony SK Mok | Author(s): Solange Peters, D. Ross Camidge, Shirish M Gadgeel, S. Ignatius Ou, D. Kim, Rafal Dziadziuszko, F. De Marinis, R. Sangha, A. Zeaiter, J. Noe, E. Nueesch, T. Liu, Isabell Loftin, C. Williams, Alice Shaw
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Patients with ALK-positive NSCLC have seen significant advances and increased options in ALK targeted therapies recently, and therefore rely on high quality, robust ALK status testing. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are the most common methods to determine ALK status for ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. However, availability of clinical outcome data from randomized trials linked directly to specific methods is limited. The ALEX trial (BO28984, NCT02075840) provides a unique dataset to assess ALK IHC- and FISH-based assays regarding clinical outcome for alectinib and crizotinib, particularly for the subset of patients with IHC-positive/FISH-negative NSCLC.
Method:
The VENTANA ALK (D5F3) CDx Assay (ALK IHC) performed in central laboratories was used as an enrollment assay for the selection of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC for inclusion in the ALEX trial. Additional samples from these patients were retrospectively tested in central laboratories with the Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit (ALK FISH).
Result:
Overall, 303 patients all with ALK IHC-positive NSCLC were randomized in the ALEX trial, of those 242 patients also had a valid ALK FISH result, with 203 patients having ALK FISH-positive disease and 39 patients having ALK FISH-negative disease (alectinib, n=21; crizotinib, n=18). For 61 of 303 (20.1%) patients with an ALK IHC-positive result, a valid ALK FISH result could not be obtained due to the test leading to an uninformative FISH result (10.9%), or not having adequate/no tissue available (9.2%). Ventana IHC staining success rates were higher than for Vysis FISH testing for the ALEX samples. Exploratory analysis of investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with a FISH-positive result (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.27–0.61; p<0.0001; median not reached [alectinib] versus 12.7 months [crizotinib]) was consistent with the primary endpoint analysis in the Ventana ALK IHC-positive population. Patient outcome data show that 28% of central ALK IHC-positive/ALK FISH-negative samples were from patients who responded to ALK TKI treatment (complete response or partial response) and 33% had stable disease according to investigator assessment.
Conclusion:
This analysis shows that ALK IHC is a robust testing approach, which may identify more patients with a valid ALK testing result who benefit from ALK TKI treatment than ALK FISH testing. While PFS of patients with ALK FISH-positive NSCLC was similar to that of patients with ALK IHC-positive NSCLC, the analysis also revealed that the majority of patients with ALK IHC-positive/ALK FISH-negative NSCLC may derive clinical benefit from ALK TKI treatment.
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MA 07.02 - Response to Ensartinib in TKI Naïve ALK+ NSCLC Patients (ID 10247)
15:50 - 15:55 | Presenting Author(s): Heather A Wakelee | Author(s): R.E. Sanborn, Jorge Nieva, S.N. Waqar, C. Brzezniak, J. Bauman, Joel W. Neal, G. Dukart, F. Tan, K. Harrow, C. Liang, L. Horn
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Ensartinib is a novel, potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with additional activity against MET, ABL, Axl, EPHA2, LTK, ROS1, and SLK. Ensartinib has demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity in both ALK TKI-naïve and crizotinib-resistant NSCLC patients. We report on data from ALK TKI treatment naïve patients.
Method:
Pts with advanced solid tumors and ECOG PS 0-1 were treated with ensartinib 225 mg qd on a continuous 28-day schedule. In expansion phase, pts were required to have measurable ALK+ NSCLC with tissue confirmed centrally via FISH or IHC. Asymptomatic brain metastases were allowed. Targeted NGS of cfDNA was performed retrospectively at baseline and on study and compared with tissue results.
Result:
As of 01Apr2017, 102 pts enrolled. In the ALK TKI naïve cohort, 15 (8 female, 7 male) ALK+ NSCLC pts treated at doses ≥ 200 mg evaluable for response. 4 pts had received prior chemotherapy. Median age 59 (34-80) yrs, 60% had ECOG PS 1. Partial response (PR) achieved in 13 pts (87%). Six pts had ALK detected via plasma NGS. In two patients who did not respond to ensartinib, tissue was positive via FISH and plasma was negative. Seven patients had insufficient plasma for NGS evaluation. Median PFS in the initial 13 evaluable ALK+ pts was 25.6 mos with the longest being 44+ mos. The PFS for all patients is still maturing. In 3 pts with central nervous system (CNS) target lesions and no prior radiation, 1 had a complete response (CR) and 2 had PR for an ORR of 100%. Most common drug-related AEs (>20% of pts) included rash (54%), nausea (34%), pruritus (26%), vomiting (25%), and fatigue (21%). Most AEs were Grade (G) 1-2. Most common G3 tx-related AE was rash (12 pts).
Conclusion:
Ensartinib was well-tolerated and induced responses in ALK TKI naïve ALK+ NSCLC pts, including pts with CNS lesions. Enrollment is ongoing in the phase 3 study of ensartinib vs. crizotinib in ALK TKI naïve NSCLC patients.
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MA 07.03 - Incidence, Predictors and Prognostic Significance of Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Advanced Alk-Rearranged NSCLCs (ID 9532)
15:55 - 16:00 | Presenting Author(s): Jon Zugazagoitia | Author(s): M. Biosca, J.F. Grau, J. Olivera, L. Bei, M.E. Olmedo, A. Gómez Rueda, N. Muñoz, S. Ponce, M. Domine, V. Zenzola, Ernest Nadal, J.C. Ruffinelli, A.M. Luna, B. Hernández, M. Martínez, C. Font, M. García-Morillo, I. Gallego, D. Sánchez Cabrero, J. Miranda, E. Martínez De Castro, J.D. Cacho, V. Calvo, J. Martínez, E. Noguerón, R. Mondéjar, I. García Escobar, C. Salvador-Coloma, Ó. Juan, M. Sánchez Cánovas, J. Valdivia, M..P. Ochoa, R. López Castro, B. Obispo, C. Pangua, M. Sereno, L. Fernández Franco, X. Mielgo, J. Calzas, A. Blasco, F. Aparisi, L. Chara, D. Lora, A.J. Muñoz, Luis Paz-Ares, A. Manzano
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
The incidence of venous thromboembolic events all along the course of the disease in advanced-stage lung adenocarcinomas is approximately 15 %. It is plausible that the different molecular subtypes might influence on the risk of thrombosis. Based on our clinical observation, and supported by limited data from isolated small series, patients bearing ALK rearranged tumors could be at a particularly high-risk of thromboembolic disease.
Method:
We included consecutive patients diagnosed with advanced-stage ALK fusion positive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) between January 2012 and December 2016. Clinical data were contributed by 29 Medical Centers from Spain and one large Academic Cancer Center from Portugal. Investigators at each institution retrospectively reviewed patients’ medical records. A thromboembolic event was defined as any venous or arterial thromboembolism, or both, at any site, documented by appropriate imaging studies, that occurred at the time or after advanced-stage cancer diagnosis.
Result:
A total of 241 ALK-rearranged NSCLCs were included in our study. Half of the patients were never smokers (52 %), and most had stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinomas (n=204, 85%). Baseline brain and liver metastasis were detected in 22 % and 25 % of the patients respectively. Seventy-three patients (30 %) developed thromboembolic disease. In 54 patients (74 %) thromboembolic complications occurred within the first 6 months from diagnosis. In the multivariate competing-risk regression analysis, the presence of baseline liver metastases (HR of 1.85, CI 95 % 1.09-3.15; p = 0.021) and baseline leukocyte counts > 11.0000 cells/mm3 (HR of 2.34, CI 95 % 1.43-3.82; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of thromboembolic disease. Remarkably, 50 % of the patients with either liver metastases or leukocytosis at diagnosis developed thromboembolic disease. Patients experiencing thromboembolic events had shorter median overall survival (OS) (20 months) than patients without thrombosis (36 months) (p = 0.035). In the multivariate Cox Model, thromboembolic disease remained associated with worse OS (HR of 1.70, CI 95 % 1.10-2.62; p = 0.016) when considered as a time-varying covariate. The presence of baseline thromboembolic disease (n = 24) was associated with a numerical non-significant increased risk of death (HR 1.67, CI 95 % 0.96-2.91; p = 0.068).
Conclusion:
Venous and/or arterial thromboembolic complications occur in a high proportion of patients with advanced-stage ALK fusion positive NSCLCs, particularly in the presence of baseline liver metastasis or leukocytosis. The development of thromboembolic disease is associated with a lower OS in these patients.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Brain metastases are common in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Approximately 1% of NSCLC patients have ROS1-rearranged, and these patients achieved prolonged survival when treated with crizotinib, which is approved for the treatment of ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. However, this efficacy might not translate to intracranial control of disease. Herein, we evaluated the clinical impact of crizotinib on brain metastases in patients with advanced ROS1-rearranged NSCLC.
Method:
Between April 2014 and October 2016, 53 ROS1-rearranged NSCLC patients treated with crizotinib were retrospectively evaluated for baseline characteristics, brain metastases status, progression patterns and the overall prognosis.
Result:
Of the 53 ROS1-rearranged NSCLC patients who received crizotinib as treatment, 13 (24.5%) patients had baseline brain metastases before crizotinib treatment. Among patients without baseline brain metastases who developed progressive disease after initiation of crizotinib (n=27), 22.2% were diagnosed with brain metastases. Among patients without baseline brain metastases, systemic progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after initiation of crizotinib was significantly longer than that of patients with brain metastases (median PFS: 20.4 months vs. 11.0 months, p = 0.003; median OS: not reached vs. 16.5 months, p = 0.027). There was no significant difference in systemic PFS and OS between patients developing brain metastases before and after crizotinib treatment (median PFS: 11.0 months vs. 6.4 months, p = 0.469; median OS: 16.5 months vs. not reached, p = 0.605). Among the patients with baseline brain metastases, 6 had received prior brain radiotherapy and 7 had received no prior radiotherapy. A total of 2 patients in the treated group had an event of brain metastases progression, as compared with 4 patients in the untreated group (33.3% vs 57.1%, p = 0.592). There was no significant difference in intracranial PFS in the previously brain treated patients versus the untreated patients before crizotinib treatment (median intracranial PFS: 12.5 months vs. 11.0 months, p = 0.790).
Conclusion:
Brain metastases status before crizotinib treatment was significantly associated with both PFS and OS in crizotinib-treated ROS1-rearranged NSCLC patients. Patients with brain metastases received prior radiotherapy have not prolonged survival compared with the patients treated with crizotinib alone.
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MA 07.05 - Discussant - MA 07.01, MA 07.02, MA 07.03, MA 07.04 (ID 10817)
16:05 - 16:20 | Presenting Author(s): Neal Ready
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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MA 07.06 - Detection of Mechanisms of Resistance to ALK Inhibitors in Routine Practice: A Retrospective Study (ID 8942)
16:20 - 16:25 | Presenting Author(s): Philippe Jamme | Author(s): C. Descarpentries, M. Wislez, E. Dansin, V. Grégoire, S. Baldacci, F. Escande, N. Mathiot, M. Kyheng, Z. Kherrouche, M.C. Copin, Alexis B Cortot
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Treatment of ALK-rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) relies on ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, efficacy of ALK TKI is limited by the emergence of drug resistance. ALK molecular alterations (amplification or mutation) account for about 40% of mechanisms of resistance to ALK TKI. Even though clinical and fundamental data suggest variability in drug efficacy according to the mechanism of resistance, these mutations are rarely investigated in routine practice. While targeted next-generation sequencing (t-NGS) is increasingly used for detecting molecular abnormalities, the impact of this tool in routine detection of ALK alterations is unknown.
Method:
We performed a retrospective multicentric study aiming at determining the frequency of ALK alterations using t-NGS in metastatic ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients progressing upon ALK TKI. Clinical, pathological, molecular characteristics, and patients outcome were collected.
Result:
We identified 22 patients with metastatic ALK-rearranged NSCLC who underwent a rebiopsy at progression on first ALK TKI, between January 2012 and May 2017. There were 12 females and 10 males, median age was 55, 18 patients (82%) were never smokers. Crizotinib was the first ALK TKI in 21 patients (95%). 15 patients (68%) received a second-generation ALK inhibitor and 3 patients (14%) received a third generation of ALK inhibitor. t-NGS on rebiopsy was performed in 16 patients. 6 ALK mutations (37.5%) were identified, including 3 G1202R, 1 C1156Y, 1 V1180L and 1 L1196M mutations . An ALK amplification (6%) was detected in a rebiopsy (6%) by FISH, with no concomitant ALK mutation. All ALK mutations were detected in solid biopsy, 2 ALK mutation was also detected in liquid biopsy. Median Overall Survival from first ALK TKI was 797 days (IC 95% 460-1135) and tended to be longer in patients with a known mechanism of resistance (1135 days Vs 543 days p=0.2).
Conclusion:
Targeted NGS is feasible in routine practice for detection of mechanisms of resistance to ALK TKI in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients and may help selecting the best treatment at progression upon ALK TKI.
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MA 07.07 - Clinical Outcomes and ALK Resistance Mutations in ALK+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer According to EML4-ALK Variant (ID 8255)
16:25 - 16:30 | Presenting Author(s): Jessica Jiyeong Lin | Author(s): Viola Zhu, S. Yoda, B.Y. Yeap, N.A. Jessop, A.B. Schrock, I. Dagogo-Jack, K. Gowen, P.J. Stephens, Jeffrey S. Ross, Siraj M Ali, V.A. Miller, Justin F Gainor, A.N. Hata, A.J. Iafrate, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Alice Shaw
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are effectively treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, clinical outcomes among patients treated with ALK TKIs vary, and the clinical benefit of TKI therapy is limited due to acquired resistance. To date, emerging data suggest that the specific EML4-ALK variant may impact clinical outcome, but whether variant is associated with mechanisms of TKI resistance is unknown.
Method:
We identified 108 advanced ALK+ NSCLC cases with known ALK fusion variants. Progression-free survival (PFS) on ALK TKIs and resistance mechanisms were retrospectively evaluated according to ALK variant.
Result:
The 108 ALK+ cases consisted of: 42 (39%) EML4-ALK v1 (E13;A20), 8 (7.4%) v2 (E20;A20), 45 (41.7%) v3 (E6;A20), 3 (2.8%) v5 (E2;A20), 4 (3.7%) v5’ (E18;A20), 1 (0.9%) v7 (E14;A20), and 5 (4.6%) non-EML4-ALK variants. Given the small numbers of non-v1/v3 cases, v1 and v3 cases were selected for further analysis. Among the 21 v1 and 25 v3 cases treated with first-line crizotinib, there was no significant difference in PFS (HR = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.42-1.57], p = 0.526). Similarly, there was no difference in PFS on second-generation ALK TKIs among 35 v1 and 35 v3 patients who received ceritinib, alectinib, or brigatinib following first- or later-line crizotinib (HR = 1.32 [95% CI, 0.77-2.26], p = 0.308). Interestingly, among 12 v1 and 17 v3 patients who received the third-generation TKI lorlatinib after failure of a second-generation TKI, v3 was associated with significantly longer PFS than v1 (HR = 0.250 [95% CI, 0.09-0.72], p = 0.006). From our cohort, we identified 11 v3 and 14 v1 post-crizotinib biopsies. No difference was noted in the presence of ALK resistance mutations (27% and 21%, respectively; p = 1.000). In contrast, among 30 v3 and 18 v1 post-second generation TKI biopsies, ALK resistance mutations were more common among v3 vs v1 cases (66% vs 44%, respectively; p = 0.147). Furthermore, the ALK G1202R solvent front mutation occurred more frequently in v3 vs v1 (47% vs 0%, respectively; p = 0.001).
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that EML4-ALK variants 1 and 3 may not be associated with significantly different PFS outcomes on crizotinib or second-generation ALK TKIs. However, ALK resistance mutations, particularly G1202R, occur more frequently in v3 vs v1 post–second generation TKI. Patients with this variant may therefore derive particular benefit from third-generation, pan-inhibitory ALK TKIs. Larger, prospective studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
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MA 07.08 - Clinical Implications of ALK Resistance Mutations: Institutional Experience and Launch of Remote Participation Study (ID 7931)
16:30 - 16:35 | Presenting Author(s): Pablo Martinez | Author(s): N.R. Mahadevan, T. Nguyen, C.A. Lydon, L.M. Sholl, Pasi A Jänne, Geoffrey R. Oxnard
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
ALK resistance mutations are detected in 30-50% of the patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and resistance to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Preliminary data suggests that TKI-resistant patients benefit from further ALK inhibition based on the specific resistant mutations, but clinical data are limited.
Method:
Patients with ALK-positive NSCLC were identified from our institutional database with IRB approval. Tumor specimens from patients with TKI-resistance were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We aimed to study the relationship between specific ALK-resistant mutations, patient characteristics and clinical outcomes.
Result:
Among 82 ALK-positive NSCLC patients, we identified 29 cases with advanced disease, TKI resistance, and specimens available for NGS. Twenty-two specimens from 19 patients were adequate for genomic analyses. Patients received a median of 4 lines of treatment for advanced disease including a median of 2 ALK TKIs, with a median overall survival (OS) of 3.3 years. In 9 of 22 specimens, crizotinib was the only TKI received. Ten specimens (45.5%) showed an ALK resistance mutation: one G1128A, one L1152R, four I1171N/T, two F1174V and two G1202R. ALK-resistance mutations were more common with EML4-ALK variant 3 (4/5) than variant 1 (1/5). Three cases with sequential biopsies showed features of tumor evolution, such as a compound mutation (I1171N + C1156Y) or a mutational change (L1152R to G1128A). One case initially had an EGFR L858R mutation, then acquired an ALK rearrangement, then acquired a G1202R mutation. OS was longer in 8 patients with secondary ALK mutation (5.5y) compared to 11 patients without (1.8 y). Using these learnings from an institutional cohort of ALK resistant patients, we designed and are launching a prospective study to characterize ALK TKI resistance, which uses remote-participation and plasma NGS to enroll patients from across the US. Patients with systemic progression while on a next-generation ALK TKI submit blood to a central lab for analysis and banking. Plasma NGS results are returned to the patient and their provider, and including expected TKI sensitivities for any identified ALK-resistance mutations. Through monitoring outcomes, this study can assess if molecularly-guided therapy for ALK TKI-resistance is feasible and effective.
Conclusion:
ALK resistance mutations arise in a large portion of patients and are associated with longer survival. The SPACEW-ALK study (Study of Plasma next-generation sequencing for remote Assessment, Characterization, Evaluation of patients With ALK drug resistance) uses plasma NGS and remote consent to assess ALK resistance and the feasibility of precision resistance therapy for these patients.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
ALK, ROS1 and TRK kinase inhibitors have achieved tremendous success in the treatment of lung cancer patients with abnormal ALK, ROS1 or NTRK gene. However, the emergence of drug resistance limits their long term clinical applications. An ever increasing number of acquired resistance mutations are being reported from the clinic. In addition to the gatekeeper mutations, the solvent front mutations have been recently recognized as common resistance mutations to many kinase inhibitors. For example, the solvent front ALK G1202R mutant conferred resistance to many clinical ALK inhibitors in lung cancer including crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, and brigatinib. The same position mutations ROS1 G2032R, TRKA G595R and TRKC G623R rendered resistance to the ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib in lung cancer, pan-TRK inhibitor entrectinib and larotrectinib in colon cancer, and larotrectinib in infantile fibrosarcoma, respectively.
Method:
A conserved glycine residue at the hinge C-terminal forms a hydrophobic sandwich with the kinase beta 1 sheet. Kinase inhibitors often use an aromatic ring or a flat motif to fit through this narrow glycine sandwich to the solvent. Alterations at the conserved glycine or the nearby residues, commonly referred to as solvent-front mutations, clash with the inhibitor motif and induce clinical resistance. Here, we designed TPX-0005, a novel three-dimensional macrocycle with a much smaller size than current ALK, ROS1, and TRK inhibitors in the clinic to avoid the steric clash inside the sandwich.
Result:
TPX-0005 resides at the center of the highly conserved ATP site without direct contact with the solvent front glycine sandwich. As expected, TPX-0005 potently inhibited WT EML4-ALK and solvent front mutant EML4-ALK G1202R with similar activities in both enzymatic (WT Ki 0.87 nM vs G1202R 0.81 nM) and Ba/F3 cell proliferation assays (WT IC~50~ 21.1 nM vs G1202R 20.5 nM). TPX-0005 showed potent activities against CD74-ROS1 G2032R (IC~50~ 8.4 nM), LMNA-TRKA G595R (IC~50~ 0.4 nM), TEL-TRKB G639R (IC~50~ 1.9 nM) and TEL-TRKC G623R (IC~50~ 0.4 nM) in Ba/F3 cell proliferation assays. In the xenograft tumor model studies, TPX-0005 dramatically caused tumor growth inhibition and tumor regression in the tumors carrying WT and solvent-front mutations of ALK, ROS1 or TRKA fusion genes, respectively.
Conclusion:
Taken together, preclinical results demonstrated that TPX-0005 is a novel ALK/ROS1/TRK inhibitor overcoming the profound solvent front kinase mutations. TPX-0005 will bring new methods for the treatment of resistance patients with solvent front mutations in ALK, ROS1, or TRK fusion genes. A phase 1/2 study of TPX-0005 in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring ALK, ROS1, or NTRK1-3 rearrangements (TRIDENT-1) is actively pursued (NCT03093116).
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MA 07.10 - Discussant - MA 07.06, MA 07.07, MA 07.08, MA 07.09 (ID 10818)
16:40 - 16:55 | Presenting Author(s): Takashi Seto
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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MA 07.11 - A Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Emtansine in HER2-positive Non-Small-Cell-Lung Cancer (ID 8453)
16:55 - 17:00 | Presenting Author(s): Daijiro Harada | Author(s): T. Kozuki, N. Nogami, K. Hotta, K. Aoe, K. Ohashi, K. Ninomiya, T. Hirata, S. Hinotsu, Shinichi Toyooka, K. Kiura
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with vinca-alkaloid, has been approved for clinical use in HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2-alterations are detected even in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have launched a phase II trial of T-DM1 monotherapy for patients with HER2-positive lung cancer.
Method:
Eligible patients had pathologically diagnosed NSCLC with documented HER2-positivity (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+, both IHC 2+ and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] +, or exon 20 insertion mutation) and were previously treated with standard chemotherapy. Thirty patients would receive T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint is the overall response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1.
Result:
This study was early terminated due to the limited efficacy, leading that only 16 patients were registered. The demographics of the 15 evaluable patients were as follows: age (median; 67, range: 45-77), sex (male; 47%), performance status (0-1; 80%), histology (non-squamous; 100%), HER2 status (IHC3+; 33%, IHC2+/FISH; 20%, and mutation; 47%) and number of prior chemotherapeutic regimens (median; 4, range: 1-7). Of 15 patients, one, who possessed HER2 mutation achieved a partial response, resulting in ORR of 6.7%. None of the 15 patients experienced treatment-related deaths. Survival data would be presented at the meeting.
Conclusion:
T-DM1 has a limited efficacy for HER2-positive NSCLCs in our cohort. Additional molecular approaches are warranted for the precision medicine in HER2-positive tumors. UMIN registration number 000019446.
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MA 07.12 - Short-Term Culture of Patient Derived Tumor Organoids Identify Neratinib/Trastuzumab as an Effective Combination in HER2 Mutant Lung Cancer (ID 10119)
17:00 - 17:05 | Presenting Author(s): Elena Ivanova | Author(s): M. Bahcall, A.R. Aref, T. Chen, L. Taus, F. Avogadri-Connors, R.E. Cutler Jr., A.S. Lalani, J. Choi, J.J. Haworth, E. Chambers, M. Kuraguchi, M. Xu, A.J. Redig, Kwok-Kin Wong, C.P. Paweletz, Pasi A Jänne
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
There are currently no effective targeted therapies for HER2 mutant lung cancer. Both neratinib alone or in combination with temsirolimus both have low response rates. One challenge is the lack of patient derived HER2 mutant cell line models and a platform in which to identify the most effective therapeutic strategy. Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) are emerging as an alternative tool to screen for drug efficacy, but can take months to generate and are impractical for screening of large sets of drug combinations. Here we report on a novel 3D microfluidic platform that allows for evaluating ex vivo responses to targeted therapies or targeted therapy combinations from patient derived tumor spheroids (xDOTS).
Method:
We generated xDOTS from DFCI 359, a PDX derived from a HER2 mutant (InsYVMA) NSCLC patient under an IRB approved protocol. Tumor organoids (<100 μm and >40μm) were treated with: HER2 covalent inhibitors (neratinib, afatinib); an EGFR inhibitor (gefitinib), and combinations of HER2 inhibitors and other compounds (neratinib/trastuzumab or neratinib/temsirolimus) at known peak plasma concentrations for 3 days in our 3D microfluidic cell culture device. Live/death quantification was performed by dual labeling de-convolution fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange for live and propidium iodide for dead cells. Cell type characterization was performed by immunofluorescence. The most effective combination was used to treat the DFCI 359 PDX and a HER2 InsYVMA genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM).
Result:
Both neratinib alone and afatinib alone, but not gefitinib, induced high degree of cell death in the DFCI 359 xDOTS. The combinations of neratinib/trastuzumab, and neratinib/temsirolimus enhanced the therapeutic benefit compared to neratinib alone, with the former combination being more effective than the latter. Using fluorescence microscopy we demonstrate that the effects are specific to the tumor cells, rather than the stromal component. We then went on to confirm these findings in a concomitant in-vivo efficacy experiment using the DFCI 359 PDX and the HER2 InsYVMA GEMM. In both in vivo models, the neratinib/trastuzumab combination led to significant tumor regressions and was superior to either single agents or the neratinib/temsirolimus combination.
Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate the ability to use a 3-D in vivo microfluidic system to identify combination therapies for HER2 mutant NSCLC. Based on our studies, neratinib/trastuzumab is a promising combination for a clinical trial for HER2 mutant lung cancer.
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MA 07.13 - NGS Sequencing Based Liquid / Tissue Biopsy Identified Coexistence of HER2 Amplification and Mutation in Advanced NSCLC Patients (ID 9737)
17:05 - 17:10 | Presenting Author(s): Rongrong Chen | Author(s): J. Zhao, G. Lin, Li Liu, Likun Chen, X. Hu, Xinghao Ai, Z. Fan, Chunwei Xu, W. Wang, Wu Zhuang, Meiyu Fang, Y. Zhu, Gang Chen, Y. Guan, L. Yang, X. Xia, X. Yi
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) mutations / amplifications have been identified as oncogenic drivers in 2-5% of lung cancers. It has been reported that hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) could reliably detect HER2 amplification in qualified breast and gastroesophageal tumor tissue samples. However, there is little data in lung cancer, especially for advance NSCLC with only ctDNA samples available.
Method:
We reviewed 2000 consecutive samples from advanced NSCLC patients sequenced in our institute between 2015 and 2016. Tumor biopsy and/or ctDNA samples were analyzed using hybridization capture-based NGS ER-Seq method, which enables simultaneously assess single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and somatic copy-number alterations at least 59 genes (range 59 – 1021 genes).
Result:
We identified 54 samples from 48 patients with HER2-mutation or amplification in the cohort (54/2000=2.7%). The 54 samples included 14 tissue biopsy samples, 37 ctDNA samples, and 3 pleural effusion samples. Thirty-six samples carried HER2 mutations, and 23 samples carried HER2 amplification with 5 samples have concurrent HER2 mutation and amplification. A 9-base pair (bp) in-frame insertion in exon 20 (Y772_A775dup) was detected in 18 samples (18/36=50%). In addition, there were 5 other insertions in exon 20; eight single bp substitutions (S310F) in exon 8; three exon 17 V659E mutations (from the sample patient with 3 ctDNA samples submitted at different time); one exon 19 D769H mutation; and one exon 21 V842I mutation. Amplification were identified in 23 samples, with copy number range from 3.8 to 19.6 in tissue samples (n=7, medium 11.6); from 4.3 to 51.8 in ctDNA samples (n=16, medium 7.3); 3.2 and 6 in the 2 pleural effusion samples. Interestingly, the allele frequency (AF) of HER2 mutation was the maximal in 4 of the 5 patients with concurrent HER2 mutation and amplification. Two patients were EGFR-TKI resistant with EGFR L858R mutation remaining and HER2 mutation and amplification might be the major reason for the resistance.
Conclusion:
HER2 mutations might coexist with HER2 amplification in advanced NSCLC patients, and it could be detected simultaneously with hybridization capture-based NGS sequencing both in tissue and liquid biopsy samples. Further quantative analysis of HER2 amplification / mutation and anti-HER2 therapeutic effects are underway.
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MA 07.14 - Change in Practice Patterns from an Online NSCLC Treatment Decision Support Tool (ID 11066)
17:10 - 17:15 | Presenting Author(s): David R. Gandara
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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MA 07.15 - Discussant - MA 07.11, MA 07.12, MA 07.13 (ID 10819)
17:15 - 17:30 | Presenting Author(s): Chia-Chi Lin
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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P2.02 - Biology/Pathology (ID 616)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: Biology/Pathology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/17/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P2.02-058 - Endogenous Arginase 2 as a Biomarker for PEGylated Arginase 1 Treatment in Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma Xenograft Models (ID 8888)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J.C. Ho
- Abstract
Background:
Arginine depletion induced by PEGylated arginase 1 (BCT-100, PEG-BCT-100 or rhArg1peg5000) has shown promising anticancer effects among arginine auxotrophic cancers that are deficient in argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). High endogenous arginase 2 (ARG2) was previously found in human lung cancers. Although high ARG2 does not induce immunosuppression nor affect disease progression, it may potentially affect the efficacy of PEGylated arginase 1 treatment. ARG2 was highly expressed in H520 squamous cell lung carcinoma (lung SCC) xenograft while undetectable in SK-MES-1 lung SCC xenograft. We postulated that high endogenous ARG2 expression might hamper anticancer effect of PEGylated arginase 1 in lung SCC.
Method:
The in vivo effect of PEGylated arginase 1 was studied using 2 lung SCC xenograft models (SK-MES-1 and H520). Protein expression, arginine concentration and apoptosis were investigated by Western blot, ELISA and TUNEL assay respectively.
Result:
PEGylated arginase 1 (60 mg/kg) suppressed tumor growth in SK-MES-1 but not in H520 xenograft. ASS1 was highly expressed in SK-MES-1 xenograft while expression of OTC remained low in both xenografts. Serum arginine level was decreased significantly by PEGylated arginase 1 in both xenograft models. On the other hand, intratumoral arginine level was reduced by PEGylated arginase 1 treatment in SK-MES-1 xenograft only. In H520 xenograft, intratumoral arginine level in control arm was already very low which could not be further lowered in PEGylated arginase 1 treatment arms. G1 arrest was indirectly evidenced by downregulation of cyclin A2, B1, D3, E1 and CDK4 with PEGylated arginase 1 in SK-MES-1 xenograft only. Moreover, suppression of proliferation factor Ki67 and activation of apoptosis were induced by PEGylated arginase 1 in SK-MES-1 xenograft only.
Conclusion:
PEGylated arginase 1 treatment was effective in lung SCC xenograft with low endogenous ARG2 expression. High endogenous ARG2 level may explain low intratumoral arginine level in lung SCC xenograft. ARG2 may serve as an additional predictive biomarker, other than ASS1 and OTC, in PEGylated arginase 1 treatment in lung SCC. Acknowledgment: This research was supported by Hong Kong Anti-Cancer Society, HKSAR.
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P2.15 - SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors (ID 716)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/17/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P2.15-006 - The Effects of Pegylated Arginase on Small Cell Lung Cancer in vitro and in vivo (ID 8883)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J.C. Ho
- Abstract
Background:
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancer cases. SCLC is characterized by frequent relapse, and current treatments lack tumor specificity. Arginase is an important enzyme in human, but it is deficient in some tumors. Arginine deprivation has become a potential therapeutic option in selected tumors. BCT-100 is a pegylated arginase which has demonstrated anticancer activity in arginine auxotrophic tumors, such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. One of resistance mechanisms to arginase is overexpression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). The aim of this study is to determine the effects of BCT-100 on SCLC in vitro and in vivo.
Method:
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect cell viability of different SCLC cell lines after BCT-100 treatment. Western blotting was employed to evaluate the protein expression. Knockdown of OTC was performed using specific siRNA. Xenograft models were established in nude mice for testing the anticancer effect of BCT-100.
Result:
The IC~50~ values of BCT-100 in H69, DMS79, H187, H209, H446, H510A, H526, H841 and SW1271 cells were 462.9±112.2, >1000, 24.9±6.4, 8.6±0.8, 18.0±0.7, 18.2±4.0, 10.1±0.7, >1000 and 49.2±7.4 mU/mL respectively. Knockdown of OTC increased sensitivity to BCT-100 in H841 cells, partially mediated via apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was observed in BCT-100 treatment and cytochrome c and SMAC were released from mitochondria to cytosol. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, could reverse the apoptosis induced by BCT-100 significantly. Besides, cell cycle specific proteins, cyclin A2, cyclin B1 and CDK4, were downregulated in a time-dependent manner. The tumor growth was inhibited and median survival of mice was prolonged in BCT-100 group in H446 and H510A xenograft models. Serum and intratumoral arginine level was sharply decreased, associated with G1 arrest and apoptosis in H446 and H510A xenografts.
Conclusion:
The SCLC cell lines with low expression of ASS1 and OTC were susceptible to BCT-100 treatment. ROS was involved in BCT-100 induced-apoptosis. BCT-100 showed potential anticancer activity in SCLC xenograft models.
