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J. Laskin
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ORAL 13 - Immunotherapy Biomarkers (ID 104)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Oral Session
- Track: Biology, Pathology, and Molecular Testing
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:D. Kim, D. Grunenwald
- Coordinates: 9/07/2015, 16:45 - 18:15, Four Seasons Ballroom F3+F4
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ORAL13.05 - Predictive Biomarker Testing for Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ID 1081)
17:28 - 17:39 | Author(s): J. Laskin
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Lung cancer is the largest cause of cancer-related mortality in the developed world. Advances in molecular targeted therapies have led to improved survival in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Recently, inhibitors of the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD1) have proven clinical efficacy in NSCLC. Only a subset of patients respond to PD1 inhibitors, likely reflecting variation in tumor-expression of the PD1 ligand (PD-L1). Many clinical trials have evaluated PD-L1 as a possible predictive biomarker for immune therapy; however several parallel and uncoordinated efforts have led to a high amount of heterogeneity, uncertainty, and ambiguity in the literature around PD-L1 and its use as a biomarker. We aim to investigate the feasibility of PD-L1 biomarker testing in NSCLC using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Methods:
Cases of stage II, surgically resected NSCLC, adenocarcinoma were identified retrospectively from the archives of the British Columbia Cancer Agency. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed with matched primary and metastatic lung tumors. IHC directed towards PD-L1 was performed with 3 different primary antibody clones: E1L3N (Cell Signaling Technology), SP142 (Spring Bioscience), and 28-8 (Dako), each stain was prepared using a unique protocol. Additional cases of NSCLC with available whole-genome sequence were also stained. Staining results were reviewed and scored by intensity of staining and the percentage of positive tumor cells. Cases with positive staining of any intensity in greater than 1% of tumor cells were considered positive (H score > 1). Clinical, pathological, and genomic features of PD-L1 positive cases were reviewed.
Results:
Eighty cases of NSCLC were identified and used in TMA construction. 78 cases had matched lymph node metastases included in the TMA. 29 cases (36%) were positive by the SP142 clone, 19 (24%) by E1L3N, and 27 (34%) by the 28-8 clone. The 3 clones showed concordant results in 61 (76%) of cases, 15 (19%) discordant cases showed low level staining with SP142/28-8 and no staining with E1L3N, 2 (2.5%) cases showed no staining by 28-8 with moderate staining by SP142/E1L3N. Lymph node metastases showed a concordant PD-L1 score in 65 (83%) cases, with no detectable trend in the discordance. Comparison of primary antibodies showed a high rate of concordance (κ=0.68). Exploratory analysis of 6 additional cases with whole-genome and transcriptome data showed no statistical correlation between PD-L1 IHC and tobacco-induced hypermutation signature (p=0.22), or PD-L1 mRNA expression (R[2] = 0.35) by linear regression.
Conclusion:
PD-L1 IHC is reproducible in the setting of an academic reference laboratory. There are small, but potentially clinically relevant, differences between commercially available PD-L1 diagnostic antibodies. Primary tumor PD-L1 status is generally reflective of metastatic tumor PD-L1 status. Molecular correlates of PD-L1 positive cases remain to be elucidated and warrant further investigation.
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P2.09 - Poster Session/ Nursing and Allied Professionals (ID 227)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Poster
- Track: Nursing and Allied Professionals
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/08/2015, 09:30 - 17:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B+C)
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P2.09-001 - Triage Nurse Navigator Implementation: Improvements in NSCLC Resource Utilization (ID 414)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J. Laskin
- Abstract
Background:
Involvement of nurse navigators (NN) in oncology care is becoming increasingly common to facilitate more timely access to diagnostic services and treatment for patients. A lung cancer NN was implemented at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) and this role involved developing pathways for triage and staging investigations, initiating molecular tests and coordinating new patient referrals. In the BC publicly funded health care model, reflex molecular testing is not available. The purpose was to evaluate referral practice, timelines and molecular testing for advanced NSCLC patients in cohorts with and without a triage nurse navigator.
Methods:
The study included all advanced NSCLC patients referred to the BCCA – Vancouver Centre in two separate 1 year cohorts for comparison; 2011 and 2014. Timelines between referral and systemic therapy/radiotherapy (XRT) treatments, availability of molecular testing and data on referral patterns were collected.
Results:
A total of 408 patients were included: 212 in 2011, 196 in 2014. Endpoints for medical oncology (MO) comparing 2011 to 2014: overall referral rates remained the same and the proportion of patients receiving systemic treatment increased, 57% vs 69% (p=0.05). Referral to MO consult 18 d vs 15.5 d (p=0.11), referral to systemic therapy initiation was reduced 48 d vs 38 d (p=0.016). Molecular testing: time from referral to EGFR result was reduced 34 d vs 20 d (p<0.001), EGFR results available at MO consult increased 6% vs 37% (p<0.001), rate of molecular testing increased 62% vs 91% (p<0.001), EGFR mutation positive (19% vs 26% p=0.26). For radiation oncology (RO) endpoints: RO consults 87% vs 80% (p=0.05), the same proportion of patients received XRT (91% vs 87%). Time from referral to RO consult 10 d vs 8 d (p=0.005), referral to XRT 18 d vs 11.5 d (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Implementation of a NN at triage reduced the time period between referral and treatment for MO and RO. The proportion of patients provided with molecular testing increased and the rate of EGFR positive results remained the same, an indication that more patients received appropriate first line targeted therapy. Nurse navigator participation during triage activities suggests that physician, diagnostic and clinical resources are more appropriately allocated.
