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S. Yendamuri
Moderator of
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O20 - Staging and Advanced Disease (ID 102)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Surgery
- Presentations: 8
- Moderators:P.A. Ugalde, S. Yendamuri
- Coordinates: 10/29/2013, 16:15 - 17:45, Parkside 110 A+B, Level 1
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O20.01 - Transcervical Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy (TEMLA) is Superior to PET/CT for Restaging of the Mediastinum after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (ID 358)
16:15 - 16:25 | Author(s): S. Yendamuri, A. Battoo, I. Dinga-Madou, C. Nwogu, E. Dexter, M. Hennon, A. Picone, T. Demmy
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Accurate staging of the mediastinum is critical in therapeutic decision making in NSCLC. PET/CT has emerged as an important modality for staging of treatment-naïve NSCLC, but like endobronchial ultrasound and conventional mediastinoscopy typically is inaccurate following neoadjuvant therapy. We sought to determine the accuracy of TEMLA in staging NSCLC after induction therapy.Methods
A retrospective chart review looking at clinical stage assessed by PET -CT and TEMLA, pathologic stage, lymph node yield and clinical characteristics was performed. Accuracy of staging by TEMLA and PET-CT was compared.Results
71 of 100 consecutive patients that underwent TEMLA had it for restaging after neoadjuvant therapy; 65 of these patients were also restaged by PET-CT. Clinical characteristics of these 65 patients are presented (Table 1). TEMLA was completed successfully on 63 (96.9%) patients and was associated with permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 2 (3%) patients. On average, 17 lymph nodes were obtained per TEMLA. Concomitant anatomic resections were completed in 58 (89.2%) of patients. 12 and 3 (18.5% and 4.6%) patients were classified as having N2 and N3 disease on final pathology. Compared to PET-CT, TEMLA more accurately classified these patients (95.4% vs. 80.0%; P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PET/CT and TEMLA for detection of N2 disease are 50.0%, 86.8%, 46.1%, 88.5% and 75%, 100%, 100%, 94.6% respectively (Table 2). Of the 3 patients inaccurately classified by TEMLA, only 1 patient had N2 disease in TEMLA-accessible nodes. Figure 1Table 2: Patient numbers according to nodal status.
Path + Path - PET + PET - TEMLA + 9 0 4 5 TEMLA - 3 53 9 47 PET + 6 7 PET - 6 46 Conclusion
TEMLA is superior to PET/CT for restaging of the mediastinum after induction therapy. Since TEMLA showed little added morbidity despite central tumor and treatment effects, consideration should be given for its widespread adoption for mediastinal re-staging of NSCLC after neoadjuvant therapy.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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O20.02 - A novel nodal classification for resected non-small cell lung cancer: comparison between location-based and number-based systems (ID 881)
16:25 - 16:35 | Author(s): J. Ichinose, T. Murakawa, H. Hino, C. Konoeda, Y. Inoue, K. Kitano, K. Nagayama, J. Nitadori, M. Anraku, J. Nakajima
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
The current UICC/WHO nodal classification system is based on the location of metastatic lymph nodes, while some studies have revealed that the number or ratio of metastatic lymph nodes may work as more effective prognostic indicators. The Japan Lung Cancer Society proposed a new tumor site-based classification for mediastinal nodal metastases according to the tumor-bearing lobe. This study aimed to compare the prognostic power of location-based and number-based classification systems and elucidate the optimal classification.Methods
Of 511 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lung lobectomy and complete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection with curative intent at our institute between 1998 and 2009, 119 with confirmed lymph node metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Ten classifications were compared using a log-rank test. Four classifications were location-based: the current system, the tumor site-based classification, the classification based on presence or absence of clinical N2 disease, and the classification based on presence or absence of non-skip N2 disease. The other 6 classifications were number-based: the classifications based on the number or ratio of metastatic lymph nodes, the classifications based on that of metastatic stations, and the classifications based on that of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes.Results
Compared with the current system [hazard ratio (HR), 1.4; p = 0.29], the tumor site-based classification (HR, 2.8; p = 3.0E-4), the classification based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes (HR, 2.8; p = 1.7E-4), and the classification based on the number of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes (HR, 2.3; p = 3.3E-3) were considered to be stronger predictors of overall survival. Similar results were obtained in terms of disease-free survival (current system: HR, 1.6; p = 0.047; tumor site-based classification: HR, 2.7; p = 2.3E-5; number of metastatic lymph nodes, HR, 2.3; p = 4.0E-4; number of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes: HR, 2.4; p = 1.4E-4). A combination of the tumor site-based classification with the classification based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes (p = 9.0E-4) or the classification based on the number of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes (p = 9.5E-4) further increased predictive efficiency.Conclusion
The tumor site-based classification as well as the classifications based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes and the number of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes was more predictive of surgical outcomes compared with the current nodal system. The results need to be further validated in a new set of patients. Figure 1Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
We sought to establish an acceptable lobe-specific mediastinal lymphadenectomy protocol for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) .Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 415 patients pathologically diagnosed as NSCLC undergone lobectomy, bilobectomy or pneumonectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy from March 2004 to June 2011 in our hospital. All of the patients enrolled were considered SPN preoperatively. Information about primary tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and other baseline data were collected. Stepwise logistic regressions using N1 and lobe-specific regional mediastinal lymph nodes’ conditions as covariates were used to figure out the key lymph node station that indicated non-regional mediastinal lymph nodes metastases (NRM).Results
As for the location of the primary tumor, 121 cases were in right upper lung (RUL), 42 in right middle lung (RML), 77 in right lower lung (RLL), 107 in left upper lung (LUL), and 68 in left lower lung (LLL). Stepwise regression showed that #2(OR (odds ratio) = 28.250, 95%CI (confidence interval): 1.756-454.422, P=0.018), N1 (OR=24.000, 95%CI: 3.346-172.121, P=0.002) and N1 (OR=21.667, 95%CI: 3.266-143.736, P=0.001) was the key lymph node station for RUL, LUL and RLL, respectively. None of the covariates show statistical significant for LLL.Patients with tumors >2 cm rarely had NRM without primary regional mediastinal involvement. Figure 1 Figure. Malignant cells’ residue when the key station shows negative metastasisConclusion
With rigid consideration, lobe-specific lymphadenectomy is feasible in practice. This protocol could be established when the lobe-specific key nodes show negative under intraoperative frozen section, especially for those NSCLCs presented as SPN smaller than 2 cm preoperatively. Table. Protocols for lobe-specific mediastinal lymphadenectomy for SPNTumor locations RUL LUL RLL LLL RML Superior mediastinum^4 ◎ ◎ ○[b] ◎ ◎ Inferior mediastinum ○[a] ○[b] ◎ ◎ ◎ Note: ◎: Complete regional lymphadenectomy is warranted; ○: Lymph nodes dissection could be omitted considerably. [a]: when #2 shows negative in intraoperative frozen section; [b]: when #10, 11 shows negative in intraoperative frozen section; ^4: #1-4 in RUL, #4-7 in LUL Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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O20.04 - DISCUSSANT (ID 3925)
16:45 - 17:00 | Author(s): P. De Leyn
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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O20.05 - Prognosis and outcome after surgical resection of solitary brain metastasis in 82 NSCLC patients: a single institution experience (ID 302)
17:00 - 17:10 | Author(s): O. Pikin, K. Konstantin, V. Glushko, A. Zaytzev, A. Amiraliev, D. Vursol, A. Kartoveshenko
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
The brain is one of the most frequent sites of distant metastasis in patients with lung cancer. Surgical resection of isolated brain metastases in NSCLC patients is not widely accepted and still a matter of debate. The study was aimed to evaluate the long-term results and prognosis after surgical resection of primary tumor and solitary brain metastasis in NSCLC patients.Methods
In this retrospective study, the data of 82 patients who underwent lung resection for primary NSCLC and brain metastasectomy for solitary metastasis between 1991 and 2011 in our clinic were analyzed. There were 68 (82,9%) males and 14 (17,1%) females, median age – 59,6 years. The most common histologic type of lung cancer was adenocarcinoma (70,7%). Synchronous brain metastasis was detected in 21 (25,6%), metachronous – in 61 (74,4%) patients. The primary lung cancer was completely resected in all cases. Surgery included pneumonectomy – in 7 (8,5%), lobectomy – in 69 (85,4%) and wedge resection – in 5 (6,1%) patients. In all cases of synchronous brain metastasis, except one, we performed brain metastasectomy first followed by lung surgery in 4-6 weeks interval. Simultaneous lung resection and brain metastasectomy was performed only in one patient. Surgery in patients with metachronous brain metastasis depended on the time of detection and varied from 4 to 38 months.Results
Postoperative complications were registered in 10 (12,2%) patients, mortality rate was 3,7% (3 patients). Overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival after brain metastasectomy was 52,0%, 29,0% and 25,6% respectively with median survival 18,6 months. The most important prognostic factors were N-status of primary lung cancer and synchronous or metachronous diagnosis of brain metastasis. Three and 5-year survival after brain metastasectomy in patients with N0 status was significantly better than in N+ patients: 56,8% and 34,8% versus 21,4% and 6,5% respectively (p<0,01). Median survival was 19,8 months in N0 group and only 12,4 months in patients with positive lymph nodes. Five-year survival in patients with metachronous brain metastases was 19,8% versus 10,0% in synchronous group (p<0,05). Eight patients are alive free of recurrence, 10 patients – with recurrence in the brain and 64 (78,0%) patients died of disease progression in the brain or other distant sites.Conclusion
Surgery in NSCLC patients with operable solitary brain metastasis is justified especially in N0 cases and metachronous disease. Surgical resection improves long-term results and quality of life in patients with operable brain lung cancer metastasis.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
It is difficult to achieve a margin-negative resection (R0) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with infiltration of the pulmonary artery. We report our experience with reconstruction of the pulmonary artery with regard to long-term survival.Methods
Clinical records of 118 patients with NSCLC who underwent partial or circumferential pulmonary artery resection during a 21-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Technical outcomes and survival were analyzed.Results
We performed 22 pulmonary artery sleeve resections, 51 reconstructions by autologous pericardial patch, 36 tangential resections, 3 left main pulmonary artery (PA) angioplasties during pneumonectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass, and 6 by only preserving the 1[st] branch of pulmonary arterial trunk. In 41 patients, bronchial sleeve resection was associated; in 7 cases, superior vena cava reconstruction was also required. Thirty-one patients received induction therapy. Thirteen patients had stage IB disease, 41 stage II, 53 IIIA, and 11 IIIB. Ninety-three patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 22 adenocarcinoma, 2 mixed and 1 large cell carcinoma. Negative bronchial and vascular margins were achieved in all. 5 positive bronchial margins were due to limited lung function. The analysis of 118 cases yielded follow-up data in 94 cases. The mean follow-up was 70 months (range 1-156 months). There was no in hospital death, and the overall 5-year survival was 50.2%. Five-year survival for stages Iand II, versus IIIwere 63.9% versus 37.0% (p=0.0059). Multivariate analysis yielded non-squamous cell carcinoma, stage IIIand patch pulmonary arterioplasty as negative prognosis factors. PA reconstruction associated with bronchial sleeve resection was the positive prognostic factor.´Conclusion
Pulmonary artery resection and reconstruction is feasible and safe, with favorable long-term survival. Our results support this technique as an effective alternative to selected patients with infiltration of the pulmonary artery, such as stage Iand IIand those who proved down-staged from stage III. Accurate preoperative evaluation, precise and suitable surgical techniques are crucial to achieve good results. Only preserving the anterior and apical pulmonary arteries reconstruction of the main pulmonary artery by using the artery conduit technique without cardiopulmonary bypass in association with left pneumonectomy can be performed successfully. Postoperative anticoagulation is unnecessary.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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O20.07 - Local therapy for limited distant metastasis in patients with completely resected NSCLC (ID 1262)
17:20 - 17:30 | Author(s): H. Matsuguma, R. Nakahara, H. Suzuki, T. Sugiyama, K. Inoue, T. Kasai, Y. Kamiyama, S. Katano, K. Mori, K. Yokoi
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
In general, distant metastasis is regarded as an incurable systemic disease. Therefore, local therapies including metastasectomy or radiotherapy are rarely applied, and the treatment goals are disease control using chemotherapy or palliation. There are, however, several reports in which local therapy can contribute to long-term survival in patients with metastatic disease, especially for brain metastasis or adrenal metastasis in patients with NSCLC.Methods
Between 1986 and 2009, among 1548 patients who underwent surgical resection for NSCLC in our institution, we identified 405 patients who experienced recurrence after R0 resection, without history of other malignancy, and detailed recurrence information available. We investigated the recurrent mode, number of metastatic focus and organ, treatment for metastasis, and prognosis.Results
Among 405 patients, 245 patients had distant metastasis without local recurrence, 115 had local recurrence, and 45 had both local and distant metastasis. We focused on the 245 patients with distant metastasis without local recurrence, including 215 patients who had only single organ metastasis and 93 patients who had only solitary metastasis. The treatments for distant metastasis and the 5-year survival rates were shown in the Table 1. The number of organ involved and metastatic focus were significantly associated with prolonged survival. Local therapy were mainly applied for limited metastases, and associated with higher survival rates. The number of patients and the 5-year survival rates according to the metastatic organ in patients with solitary metastasis are shown in Table 2. Other metastatic organ included soft tissue in 3 patients, kidney in 3, and trachea, intestine, and abdominal lymph node in 1.Finally, 6 patients survived more than 5 years with disease-free status; these included 2 brains, 2 lungs, 1 bone, and 1 subcutaneous metastasis.Table 1
Multiple organ Single organ Multiple Single Treatment Number of pts 5y OS (%) Number of pts 5y OS (%) Number of pts 5y OS (%) Number of pts 5y OS (%) BSC 8 0 48 6.4 43 7.1 5 0 Chemo Tx 3 0 32 16.3 30 17.7 2 0 Radio Tx 19 5.7 101 11.8 43 0 58 21.4 Surgery 0 - 34 38.0 6 66.7 28 33.4 Total 30 3.5 215 15.2 122 8.9 93 23.3 Table 2
Organ Number of pts 5y OS (%) Brain 36 19.2 Bone 24 16.7 Lung 18 32.4 Adrenal gland 6 0 Other 9 55.6 Conclusion
Prolonged survival can be achieved using local therapy in patients with limited distant metastasis irrespective of metastatic organ.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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O20.08 - DISCUSSANT (ID 3926)
17:30 - 17:45 | Author(s): E. Vallieres
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
Author of
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O20 - Staging and Advanced Disease (ID 102)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Surgery
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:P.A. Ugalde, S. Yendamuri
- Coordinates: 10/29/2013, 16:15 - 17:45, Parkside 110 A+B, Level 1
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O20.01 - Transcervical Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy (TEMLA) is Superior to PET/CT for Restaging of the Mediastinum after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (ID 358)
16:15 - 16:25 | Author(s): S. Yendamuri
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Accurate staging of the mediastinum is critical in therapeutic decision making in NSCLC. PET/CT has emerged as an important modality for staging of treatment-naïve NSCLC, but like endobronchial ultrasound and conventional mediastinoscopy typically is inaccurate following neoadjuvant therapy. We sought to determine the accuracy of TEMLA in staging NSCLC after induction therapy.Methods
A retrospective chart review looking at clinical stage assessed by PET -CT and TEMLA, pathologic stage, lymph node yield and clinical characteristics was performed. Accuracy of staging by TEMLA and PET-CT was compared.Results
71 of 100 consecutive patients that underwent TEMLA had it for restaging after neoadjuvant therapy; 65 of these patients were also restaged by PET-CT. Clinical characteristics of these 65 patients are presented (Table 1). TEMLA was completed successfully on 63 (96.9%) patients and was associated with permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 2 (3%) patients. On average, 17 lymph nodes were obtained per TEMLA. Concomitant anatomic resections were completed in 58 (89.2%) of patients. 12 and 3 (18.5% and 4.6%) patients were classified as having N2 and N3 disease on final pathology. Compared to PET-CT, TEMLA more accurately classified these patients (95.4% vs. 80.0%; P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PET/CT and TEMLA for detection of N2 disease are 50.0%, 86.8%, 46.1%, 88.5% and 75%, 100%, 100%, 94.6% respectively (Table 2). Of the 3 patients inaccurately classified by TEMLA, only 1 patient had N2 disease in TEMLA-accessible nodes. Figure 1Table 2: Patient numbers according to nodal status.
Path + Path - PET + PET - TEMLA + 9 0 4 5 TEMLA - 3 53 9 47 PET + 6 7 PET - 6 46 Conclusion
TEMLA is superior to PET/CT for restaging of the mediastinum after induction therapy. Since TEMLA showed little added morbidity despite central tumor and treatment effects, consideration should be given for its widespread adoption for mediastinal re-staging of NSCLC after neoadjuvant therapy.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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P3.07 - Poster Session 3 - Surgery (ID 193)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Poster Session
- Track: Surgery
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/30/2013, 09:30 - 16:30, Exhibit Hall, Ground Level
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P3.07-010 - Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy - An 11 year experience (ID 931)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): S. Yendamuri
- Abstract
Background
While VATS lobectomy yields enhanced recovery and fewer complications than open approaches, outcomes for thoracoscopic pneumonectomy are understood less well.Methods
107 consecutive pneumonectomy cases performed at a comprehensive cancer center from 1/2002 to 12/2012 were studied retrospectively. 40 cases were open, while 50 Successful and 17 VATS conversions were grouped together for an intent-to-treat analysis.Results
Preoperative characteristics were similar except for greater age (64±10 vs. 60±10, p=0.07), female sex (57 vs. 30% p=0.007) and preoperative comorbidities in the VATS group (Table 1). Right side was similar (46% vs. 45% open, p=0.9) as was disease extent (Early Stage 1&2, 72 vs. 61% open, p = 0.24). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy use also was similar (34 vs. 40% open). All VATS pneumonectomy pulmonary arteries were controlled safely and there were no intraoperative deaths from bleeding or other technical mishaps. Pursuing a VATS approach yielded a similar number of complications (3.1±2.6 vs. 3.0±2.6, p=0.8). Completion pneumonectomy (13%VATS/8% open) patients stayed longer (median 7.5 vs. 5 days, p=0.05) but had better survival (median not reached vs 27 months, p=0.05) largely because of more favorable stage distribution. A learning curve was evident as the rate of successful VATS pneumonectomy rose from 26% to 63% by the second half of the series (p<0.001). VATS patients started adjuvant chemotherapy an average of 39 days earlier. Excluded from long-term analyses were 7 pneumonectomies (3% VATS/13% open) for emergent indications like hemoptysis that led to 3 deaths. Stage-matched pneumonectomy cases had similar survival curves between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found only age and pathologic stage as independent predictors of overall and disease-free survival. While the subset of patients who required conversion from VATS stayed longer (7 vs. 6 days, p=0.07), their survival curves were superimposable on open operations for all stages. In fact, achieving a successful VATS pneumonectomy demonstrated a trend toward improved survival compared to open/converted cases for early stage patients (median survival 80 vs. 27 months, p=0.07).Procedure VATS n=67 Open n =40 p Predicted Post-resection Diffusing Capacity 38±10% 36±12% 0.6 Comorbidities (number) 3.2±1.7 2.3±1.3 0.001 Nodes retrieved 25±14 24±11 0.87 OR time (min -median) 289 225 0.001 EBL (ml -median) 400 325 0.84 ICU (days -median) 3 2 0.24 Hospital Stay (days -median) 5 6 0.2 Non-Emergent Case Hospital Death 8% 6% 0.7 Stage 1&2 Survival (mo -median) 26 26 0.74 Conclusion
Attempting VATS pneumonectomy appears to be a safe strategy that does not compromise short-term or long-term oncologic goals.
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P3.24 - Poster Session 3 - Supportive Care (ID 160)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Poster Session
- Track: Supportive Care
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/30/2013, 09:30 - 16:30, Exhibit Hall, Ground Level
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P3.24-055 - Neo-adjuvant Versus Adjuvant Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Less Than Clinical N2 Disease (ID 829)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): S. Yendamuri
- Abstract
Background
Increasingly, neoadjuvant therapy is being used for the treatment of NSCLC. While several randomized controlled trials have been performed to evaluate this approach in patients with N2 disease, limited data exists in patients less than N2 disease. We examined our experience with neoadjuvant therapy in our institution and compared it to patients receiving adjuvant therapy.Methods
This retrospective analysis included patients with less than clinical N2 disease that underwent curative surgical resection and received either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy from 2005 to 2010. Patient characteristics, peri-operative outcomes and survival data were analyzed for patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant therapy. Comparison of categorical, continuous and survival variables across groups were performed using chi-square, t-test and Kaplan-Meier methods respectively. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox Regression analyses.Results
130 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria – 54 patients had neoadjuvant therapy and 76 patients had adjuvant therapy. Patient characteristics in both comparison groups are summarized in Table 1. No peri-operative deaths were seen in either group. There was no statistically significant difference between the comparison groups with respect to age, gender, race, histology and grade. Patients with neoadjuvant therapy had a higher clinical stage than those that had adjuvant therapy. At a median follow-up of 41.5 months, there was no difference in the overall survival and recurrence free survival of patients in both groups in univariate analyses and in multivariate analyses after adjusting for potentially confounding variables including stage. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy had a higher rate of empyema (11.1% vs. 0%; p=0.004) and a trend toward increased arrhythmia and pneumonia than those treated with adjuvant therapy.Conclusion
For NSCLC less than N2 disease, neoadjuvant therapy increases peri-operative morbidity without an improvement in overall and recurrence free survival. For this patient population, the role of neo-adjuvant therapy is questionable. Figure 1Figure 2
