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K. Sakai
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MINI 10 - ALK and EGFR (ID 105)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Biology, Pathology, and Molecular Testing
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:T. Yap, T. Li
- Coordinates: 9/07/2015, 16:45 - 18:15, Mile High Ballroom 1a-1f
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MINI10.10 - A Multicenter Prospective Biomarker Study in Afatinib-Treated Patients with EGFR-Mutation Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ID 472)
17:40 - 17:45 | Author(s): K. Sakai
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Afatinib is an oral, irreversible ErbB family blocker and one of the key drugs for patients with EGFR mutation positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although treatment with afatinib has a clinical benefit for these patients, such individuals inevitably develop drug resistance as with other TKIs. This is a multicenter prospective biomarker study to inform the usefulness of noninvasive liquid biopsy in the treatment of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and explore the molecular mechanism of acquired-resistance against afatinib.
Methods:
Eligible patients were EGFR-TKIs naïve and had histologically and cytologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma of the lung with activating EGFR mutations. Patients remained on afatinib treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumor samples were collected upon before afatinib treatment and after disease progression. Plasma samples were collected upon before and during afatinib treatment (4 and 24 weeks after initiation) and after disease progression. DNA derived both from tumors and plasma was analyzed using Scorpion-ARMS (ARMS), digital PCR (dPCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS). We used a nanofluidic dPCR system (BioMark HD System; Fluidigm) with a digital chip to detect activating or resistance mutations of EGFR in a quantitative and highly sensitive manner. NGS on an Ion Torrent PGM device (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was applied to detect target molecules which contribute to the survival and growth of lung cancer cells. We compared the sensitivity of these methods in detection of EGFR activating mutations in plasma DNA.
Results:
A total of 35 EGFR mutation positive NSCLC patients were enrolled. Twenty one patients harbored a deletion in exon 19 and fourteen patients had an L858R missense mutation in exon 21. Twenty seven (77.1%) patients had an objective response. In plasma DNA obtained before afatinib treatment, dPCR and NGS detected EGFR activating mutations more sensitively compared with ARMS (83.9% v 58.1%; p <0.005, 74.2% v 58.1%; p =0.059, respectively). Concordance of EGFR activating mutations detected by dPCR and NGS was 26/31 (84%) (kappa value: 0.52). All of the mutation type detected by NGS on plasma DNA completely corresponded to that found in matching tumor tissue by NGS. As of March 2015, serial plasma DNA was analyzed in 9 patients. The copy number of activating mutation was markedly decreased in 5 of 9 patients.
Conclusion:
EGFR activating mutations in plasma DNA were frequently detected by dPCR or NGS. We will present the detailed data for monitoring mutation load in plasma DNA during the afatinib treatment.
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ORAL 42 - Drug Resistance (ID 160)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Oral Session
- Track: Biology, Pathology, and Molecular Testing
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:R.C. Doebele, J.V. DeGregori
- Coordinates: 9/09/2015, 18:30 - 20:00, Mile High Ballroom 4a-4f
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ORAL42.02 - Qualitative and Quantitative Heterogeniety in Acquiring Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (ID 572)
18:41 - 18:52 | Author(s): K. Sakai
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Acquisition of resistance to EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is one of important issues in lung cancer researches. Several resistance mechanisms have been identified. However, inter-tumor heterogeneity in acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs is currently unclear.
Methods:
Eleven autopsied patients who developed acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI monotherapy were included in this study. All patients harbored activating EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation), and developed acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI after initial response to the drug. Details of patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. The resistance mechanisms of seven patients have been reported in our previous analyses (Suda K, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2010, and Suda K, et al. APLCC 2014). In this study, we analyzed acquired resistance mechanisms in twenty-eight tumor samples obtained from the four additional patients using target sequencing technique by next-generation sequencer.
Results:
Among eleven patients, four developed T790M EGFR secondary mutation in all TKI-refractory lesions. One patient developed MET amplification in all TKI-refractory lesions. Three patients harbored both TKI-refractory lesions with T790M mutation and those with MET amplification. The other three patients showed respective resistance mechanisms (Table 1).Table 1. Summary of resistant mechanisms in eleven patients.
In the target sequence analysis, allele count data were further analyzed in tumor samples with T790M mutation, and we observed diverse T790M/activating EGFR mutation allele ratio ranging from 2 – 51%. In the analysis for time to treatment failure (TTF), we observed longer TTF in patients who developed single resistance mechanism compared with those who developed multiple resistance mechanisms (Fig. 1; p = 0.055). Figure 1Pt. ID Age/Sex Pack-Year Resistant Mechanisms TTF (m) C1 57/F 0 T790M or MET 13.8 C2 48/F 0 T790M or MET 11.0 C3 58/M 34 MET 14.5 C4 75/M 0 T790M 43.9 C5 93/F 0 T790M 14.8 C6 62/M 26 T790M 9.1 P1 86/F 0 T790M 10.8 P2 72/M 27 T790M or MET 3.8 P3 89/F 0 EGFR loss with MET or Unknown 9.0 P4 84/F 0 Unknown 22.6 A1 76/F 0 SCLC transformation or T790M 5.0
Conclusion:
In this study, we observed qualitative heterogeneity and quantitative heterogeneity of T790M allele ratio in acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs in lung cancers. Qualitative heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms would have a correlation with TTF of EGFR-TKIs.
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