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J. Minna
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MA 15 - Lung Cancer Biology II (ID 670)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Biology/Pathology
- Presentations: 1
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MA 15.13 - The Transfer of Exogenous UCHL-1 via Mesenchymal Lung Cancer Exosomes to Mediate Phenotypic Alterations of Recipients (ID 9094)
17:05 - 17:10 | Author(s): J. Minna
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Cancer-derived exosomes are micro-vesicles released by tumor cells and are believed to be involved in intercellular signaling and communication. Recent evidence suggests exosomes help tumor cells invade neighboring tissues and prime metastatic sites for disease spread. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly metastatic disease and little is known about how tumor-derived exosomes may influence migration or invasion of lung cancer cells and prime metastatic niches.
Method:
Exosomes were recovered by a sequential centrifugation schema. Exosomes isolated from lung cancer cell line H1299, A549, H1993, and H2073, and non-malignant, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) 3KT and 30KT were characterized. We examined the effects of cancer-derived exosomes on HBECs, oncogenically progressed HBECs (HBEC sh-p53+KRAS[v12]; HBEC3KTRL53) in vitro and their influence on metastasis in murine models. Mass spectrometry was performed to identify candidate proteins carried in tumor exosomes that induce phenotypic changes in recipient cells.
Result:
Cancer-derived exosomes but not HBEC-derived exosomes confer invasiveness and increased motility on recipient cells (HBEC3KT, HBEC3KTRL53) in wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Mesenchymal NSCLC exosomes induce mesenchymal-like phenotypic changes (loss of EPCAM expression and upregulated EMT-transcriptional factors) in HBEC3KT in FACS and qRT-PCR analyses. Cancer-derived exosomes but not HBEC3KT exosomes enhance the lung endothelial permeability, promote lung metastasis, and recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vivo. Mass spectrometry shows that H1299 exosomes contains a wide variety of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) compared to HBEC3KT exosomes, and UCHL-1 (Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1) is the most highly expressed DUB in H1299 exosomes. UCHL-1 expression is upregulated in mesenchymal NSCLC cells/exosomes, and HBEC3KT cells treated with mesenchymal NSCLC exosomes in vitro, and activated in metastatic sites after cancer-derived exosome treatment in vivo. UCHL-1 knockdown suppresses metastasis induced by cancer-derived exosomes. Exosomes derived from UCHL-1-knockdown H1299 show a decreased effect of the induction of migration, invasiveness, and epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic changes on recipient cells.
Conclusion:
Mesenchymal NSCLCs-derived exosomes compared to HBECs-derived exosomes induced an increased migratory/invasive phenotype with lung vascular leakiness, metastatic niche formation, and higher xenograft tumor take rates. UHCL-1 was overexpressed only in mesenchymal NSCLCs/exosomes. UCHL-1 knockdown suppressed metastasis, and its exosomes also showed a decreased effect of the induction of tumor progression. These results suggest that understanding and targeting UCHL-1 likely as a key factor of mesenchymal NSCLC-derived exosome behavior could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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P1.15 - SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors (ID 701)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/16/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P1.15-005 - Relationship Between MYC Family Status and Sensitivity to Aurora Kinase Inhibitors in Neuroendocrine and Other Lung Cancer Cell Lines (ID 9500)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J. Minna
- Abstract
Background:
Recently, it has been reported that MYC-driven SCLC cell lines exhibit synthetic lethality with Aurora kinase (AURK) inhibitors. The aims of this study are to evaluate sensitivities to neuroendocrine (NE) lung cancer cell lines with or without any MYC family overexpression and/or amplification using representative AURK inhibitors and to investigate the associations between drug sensitivities, MYC family status and NE differentiation.
Method:
We screened a panel of 62 cell lines including 33 SCLC, 18 other NE, and 11 NSCLC, with various MYC family status for growth inhibition upon AURK inhibitors. MYC family copy number, gene expression, and protein status were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, microarray and Western blotting. Relative cell growth was analyzed by MTS assay, and selective AURK A and B inhibitors, MLN8237 (Alisertib) and AZD1152 (Barasertib), respectively, were used in this study. Cell lines with IC50 values < 0.1 μM were defined as sensitive. Drug effects on cell cycle and morphology were determined by flow cytometry and examination of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cell pellets.
Result:
Of 31 NE cell lines with MYC family overexpression/amplification, 21 (68%) and 18 (58%) were sensitive to Alisertib and Barasertib, respectively. All 20 NE (and most NSCLC) cell lines lacking MYC family overexpression/amplification were resistant to AURK inhibitors. There was an excellent concordance (86%) between response to the two AURK inhibitors. Both MYC family overexpression and amplification were predictive of sensitivity; however, some overexpressing lines had normal copy number. Cell cycle analysis showed a mitotic arrest in some sensitive cell lines with treatments of these drugs. Representative sensitive cell lines showed cell ballooning and bizarre multinucleated polyploid cells, which indicated cell cycle arrest in G2/M.
Conclusion:
MYC family overexpression/amplification in NE lung cancer cell lines confers sensitivity to AURK inhibitors in approximately 70% of cases. Lack of MYC family overexpression/amplification was always associated with drug resistance. MYC family overexpression may occur in the absence of gene amplification, and, thus, overexpression is a better predictor of sensitivity than amplification. We are currently investigating the mechanism of resistance in overexpressing NE cell lines and determining whether NE differentiation plays a role in drug sensitivity.
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P2.15 - SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors (ID 716)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/17/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P2.15-016a - Exploiting G2-M Cell Cycle Checkpoint Dependency in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) by Targeting Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) (ID 9680)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J. Minna
- Abstract
Abstract not provided
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P3.03 - Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy (ID 719)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy
- Presentations: 2
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/18/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P3.03-007 - LCMC2: Expanded Profiling of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies ROS1 and RET Rearrangements and TP53 Mutations as a Negative Prognostic Factor (ID 8338)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J. Minna
- Abstract
Background:
The Lung Cancers Mutation Consortium (LCMC) is a multi-institutional effort where 16 sites identify oncogenic drivers and pool data to assess the impact of targeted therapies in patients with lung adenocarcinomas. We now report the results of the second patient cohort (LCMC2) with an expanded multiplex molecular panel to include RET and ROS1 and tumor suppressors.
Method:
904 patients with centrally confirmed stage IV lung adenocarcinomas who were candidates for therapy had at least one of 14 oncogenic drivers assessed in a CLIA-compliant laboratory using genotyping, FISH, massively parallel sequencing (NGS), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses.
Result:
Among 423 patients tested for all 14 targets, we found a driver in 65%. Mutated KRAS was found in 31%, sensitizing EGFR in 14%, MET amplification in 5%, ALK rearrangements in 4%, BRAF V600E in 3%, and HER2 in 3%. Rearrangements in RET and ROS1 were each found in 2% (CI 1 to 3%). Using IHC, PTEN loss was found in 8% (CI 6 to 11%) and MET expression in 58% (CI 55 to 61%). Use of targeted therapies in patients with EGFR, HER2, or BRAF mutations, ALK, ROS1, or RET rearrangements, and MET amplification was associated with a gain in overall survival of 1.5 years relative to those with the same drivers not receiving targeted therapy and a gain of 1 year relative to those without an actionable driver. Current and former cigarette smokers derived a survival benefit from targeted therapies similar to never smokers (p=0.975). Among 154 patients who had all drivers assessed and NGS testing in addition, any TP53 mutation was associated with poorer survival among those with EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 (p=0.014). STK11 was detected in 11%, all in patients with KRAS mutations.
Conclusion:
Using an expanded testing panel, LCMC2 demonstrates the survival benefit of matching targeted treatments to oncogenic drivers in patients with lung adenocarcinomas, identifies additional prognostic factors, and supports the performance of multiplex molecular testing on specimens from all individuals with lung adenocarcinomas irrespective of clinical characteristics. We detected either MET amplifications or HER2 mutations in 7%, together more than the 4% with ALK. A targeted drug is available in the United States for 35% of patients with lung adenocarcinomas. The routine use of massively parallel sequencing (NGS) detects both targetable drivers and tumor suppressor genes that have significance for therapy selection and prognosis. Supported by Free to Breathe
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P3.03-013 - Identification of Proteasomal Catalytic Subunit PSMA6 as a Therapeutic Target for Lung Cancer through a Pooled shRNA Screen (ID 8867)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): J. Minna
- Abstract
Background:
Recent advances in high-throughput genetic analysis revealed that single lung cancer cells harbour a number of genetic and epigenetic changes. Nevertheless, findings from cancer epidemiology and the experimental models of the multi-step lung carcinogenic process, which were developed by our group and others, suggested that only a handful of changes are ‘drivers’ whereas others are only ‘passengers’. Thus, it is very important to identify those that truly contribute to the oncogenic properties of cancer cells by performing functional screening. To this end, we performed screening with a pooled shRNA library in search for genes that are critical for the survival and/or proliferation of lung cancer cells using a lung cancer cell line.
Method:
NCI-H460 cell line was used for semi-genome-wide dropout viability analysis using a pooled shRNA library that targeted 5,043 genes. Two Cdk4/hTERT-immortalised normal human bronchial epithelial cell lines, HBEC3 and HBEC4 were used as controls. Pathway analysis was done using NIH-DAVID. Microarray gene expression analysis was done using Illumina Human WG-6 v3.0 Expression BeadChip for 163 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and 59 normal control cell lines. DNA copy number analysis with array CGH was done for 108 NSCLC cell lines. Proteasome activity was measured using a 20S proteasome activity assay kit. 20 pairs of resected lung cancer and matched normal lung samples were used for immunohistochemistry of PSMA6. Cell growth was evaluated by WST-1 colorimetric proliferation assay. Cell cycle analysis was done using FACS for cells stained with propidium iodide.
Result:
shRNA screening targeting 5,043 genes in NCI-H460 identified 51 genes as candidates for therapeutic targets. Pathway analysis revealed that the 51 genes were enriched for the five pathways, including ribosome, proteasome, RNA polymerase, pyrimidine metabolism and spliceosome pathways. We focused on the proteasome pathway that involved six candidate genes because its activation has been demonstrated in diverse human malignancies, including lung cancer. Microarray expression and array CGH data showed that PSMA6, a proteasomal subunit of a 20S catalytic core complex, was highly expressed in lung cancer cell lines, with recurrent gene amplifications in some cases. Therefore, we further examined the roles of PSMA6 in lung cancer. Silencing of PSMA6 induced apoptosis or G2/M cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines but not in an immortalised normal lung cell line.
Conclusion:
Our data suggested that PSMA6 serves as an attractive target with a high therapeutic index for lung cancer.
