Author of

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  MA11 - Novel Approaches in SCLC and Neuroendocrine Tumors (ID 391)

  • Event: WCLC 2016
  • Type: Mini Oral Session
  • Track: SCLC/Neuroendocrine Tumors
  • Presentations: 1
  • Moderators:P. Lara, A. Mohn-Staudner
  • Coordinates: 12/06/2016, 14:20 - 15:50, Strauss 3

  • 17346

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    MA11.05 - A Case-Control Study to Test the Use of ctDNA in the Early Detection of SCLC Reveals TP53 Mutations in Non-Cancer Controls (ID 4915)

    14:50 - 14:56  |  Author(s): F. Le Calvez-Kelm
    • Abstract
    • Presentation
    • Slides

    Background:
    Circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a key potential biomarker for post-diagnosis surveillance but it may also play a crucial role in the detection of pre-clinical cancer. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an excellent candidate for early detection given there are no successful therapeutic options for late-stage disease, and it displays universal inactivation of TP53 (Peifer and Fernandez-Cuesta et al., Nat Genet 2012; George et al., Nature 2015).
    
    Methods:
    We assessed the presence of TP53 mutations in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from the plasma of 51 SCLC cases and 123 non-cancer controls. The results were further validated in an independent series of 102 non-cancer controls. We identified mutations using Needlestack (Delhomme et al., in preparation; https://github.com/IARCbioinfo/needlestack), a pipeline specifically designed to accurately detect variants at very low allelic fractions (AF).
    
    Results:
    We detected TP53 mutations in the cfDNA of 49% of the SCLC patients (35.7% of the stage I-II). While statistically significant in cases versus controls (p-value=6x10[-9]), TP53 mutations were also detected in the cfDNA of 11.4% of the non-cancer controls, and these results were confirmed in the replication series (10.8%). The presence of TP53 mutations in controls was not correlated with age, smoking, or alcohol-intake status. There was a statistically significant difference between the mutational patterns found in cases versus controls (p-value=0.008): within controls the fraction of nonsense, indel, or splicing mutations was lower than in cases. The median AF of the TP53 mutations detected in the five stage I-II SCLC (0.9%) was not significantly different from that found in controls (1.2%; p-value=0.64), while it differed from the median AF of stage III-IV SCLC tumors (8.2%; p-value=2x10[-6]). Finally, we sequenced the DNA extracted from the white-blood cells (WBC) of 39 cfDNA TP53-positive patients, from which material was available (19 cases and 20 controls). Four cfDNA TP53 mutations (1 case and 3 controls) were detected in the WBC DNA, with similar AFs to those found in the cfDNA. These AFs, below 11%, are consistent with a somatic origin in both cfDNA and WBC DNA.
    
    Conclusion:
    The detection of TP53 mutations in 11% of the 225 non-cancer controls suggests that somatic mutations in cfDNA among individuals without any cancer diagnosis is a common occurrence, and poses serious challenges for the development of ctDNA screening tests for the early diagnosis of cancer (Fernandez-Cuesta, Perdomo, and Avogbe et al., EBioMedicine 2016). We will discuss these results as well as follow-up analyses in retrospective and prospective series.
    
    

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