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P. Boffetta



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    MS 23 - Risk Factors: Beyond the Cigarette (ID 41)

    • Event: WCLC 2015
    • Type: Mini Symposium
    • Track: Prevention and Tobacco Control
    • Presentations: 1
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      MS23.02 - Air Pollution-Outdoor; Biomass Smoke; Cooking Fuels (ID 1950)

      14:35 - 14:50  |  Author(s): P. Boffetta

      • Abstract
      • Presentation

      Abstract:
      Indoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution is thought to be the main determinant of the elevated risk of lung cancer experienced by nonsmoking women living in several regions of China and other Asian countries. The evidence is stronger for coal burning in poorly ventilated houses, but also burning of wood and other solid fuels, as well as fumes from high-temperature cooking using unrefined vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil. A positive association between various indicators of indoor air pollution and lung cancer risk has also been reported in populations exposed to less extreme conditions than those encountered by some Chinese women, for example populations in Central and Eastern Europe and other regions. Overall, the evidence is stronger for studies of indoor pollution in population which used coal as main fuel. IARC has classified indoor emissions from household combustion of coal as established human carcinogen, and indoor emissions from household combustion of biomass fuel (primarily wood) as probable human carcinogen. Outdoor air pollution. There is abundant evidence that lung cancer rates are higher in cities than in rural settings.This pattern, however, might result from confounding by other factors, notably tobacco smoking, and occupational exposures, rather than from air pollution. Cohort and case-control studies are limited by difficulties in assessing past exposure to the relevant air pollutants. The exposure to air pollution has been assessed either on the basis of proxy indicators—for example, the number of inhabitants in the community of residence, residence near a major pollution source—or on the basis of actual data on pollutant levels. These data, however, reflect mainly present levels or levels in the recent past and refer to total suspended particulates, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, which are not likely to be the agents responsible for the carcinogenic effect, if any, of air pollution. Furthermore, the sources of data might cover quite a wide area, masking small-scale differences in exposure levels. The combined evidence suggests that urban air pollution might entail a small excess risk of lung cancer on the order of 50%, but residual confounding cannot be excluded. In four cohort studies, assessment of exposure to fine particles was based on environmental measurements. The results of these studies are suggestive of a small increase in risk among people classified as most highly exposed to air pollution. IARC recently classified outdoor air pollution as an established lung carcinogen in humans.

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    ORAL 22 - Moving Beyond a Smoking Related-Cancer to the Young, Never-smokers and Inherited Disease (ID 117)

    • Event: WCLC 2015
    • Type: Oral Session
    • Track: Biology, Pathology, and Molecular Testing
    • Presentations: 1
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      ORAL22.04 - Discussant for ORAL22.01, ORAL22.02, ORAL22.03 (ID 3356)

      11:18 - 11:28  |  Author(s): P. Boffetta

      • Abstract
      • Presentation

      Abstract not provided

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