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Y. Yeh
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MO26 - Anatomical Pathology II (ID 129)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Pathology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:E. Brambilla, V.L. Capelozzi
- Coordinates: 10/30/2013, 10:30 - 12:00, Bayside 105, Level 1
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MO26.03 - In Patients with Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma, Tumor Budding Is a Significant Prognostic Factor for Recurrence, Independent of the IASLC/ATS/ERS Classification, and Correlates with a Protumor Immune Microenvironment (ID 2917)
10:40 - 10:45 | Author(s): Y. Yeh
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
In 2011, the IASLC/ATS/ERS proposed a new classification for lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) that has powerful prognostic value. However, tumors in each subtype may still include heterogeneous prognostic subgroups - especially in the acinar, papillary, and solid subtypes, in which the majority of tumors are classified. Recently, immune markers such as CD markers and cytokines have been identified as prognostic factors in lung cancer. In this study, we investigate whether tumor budding further stratifies prognosis for stage I lung ADC, independent of the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification, and whether it correlates with prognostic immune markers.Methods
All available tumor slides from patients with therapy-naive, surgically resected solitary stage I lung ADC (1995-2009) were reviewed (n=1038). Tumors were classified according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Mitoses were counted at 10 high-power fields (HPFs) (x400 magnification). Tumor budding (tumor nest composed of <5 cells) was assessed, at 10 HPFs (x200 magnification), in areas with the smallest tumor nests and was graded by the maximum number of budding : 0, 0/HPF; 1, 1-4/HPF; 2, 5-9/HPF, and 3, ≥10/HPF. Tissue microarrays were constructed from tumoral and stromal cores, and immunostaining for CD3, FoxP3, IL-7R, and IL-12Rβ2 was performed. Lymphocytes positive for CD3 and FoxP3 were scored in tumor and stroma, and tumors were classified using our recently reported FoxP3/CD3 risk index (JCO 2013). Tumoral expression of IL-7R and IL-12Rβ2 was dichotomized by the sum of intensity (0-3) and distribution (1, 1%-50%; 2, >50%) scores: negative (total score <1) and positive (≥1). Recurrence-free probability (RFP) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method; multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results
RFP was lowest for patients with budding grade 3 (n=180; 5-year RFP, 69%; p<0.001), followed by grade 2 (n=139; 75%), 1 (n=189; 81%), and 0 (n=530; 89%). Budding grade was dichotomized into negative (grades 0-1) or positive (grades 2-3) using colorectal cancer criteria. The RFP for patients with positive budding (n=319; 5-year RFP, 72%) was significantly lower than that for patients with negative budding (n=719; 87%; p<0.001), which was confirmed in a subgroup analysis limited to stage IA (p=0.004) and IB (p<0.001) patients. Tumor budding further stratified RFP in patients with acinar (p<0.001), papillary (p=0.027), and solid (p=0.015) tumors. Budding was more frequently observed in tumors with high-grade histology (solid and micropapillary; p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), and high mitotic count (p<0.001). Tumor budding was positively correlated with stromal CD3+ lymphocytes (p<0.001), stromal FoxP3+ (p<0.001), FoxP3/CD3 risk index (high FoxP3, low CD3) in stroma (p<0.001), and tumoral IL-7R expression (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, tumor budding was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (HR=1.13; p=0.002).Conclusion
Tumor budding was a significant prognostic factor in stage I lung ADC, independent of IASLC/ATS/ERS classification, and it correlated with a protumor immune microenvironment (high FoxP3+ lymphocyte infiltration and high IL-7R expression). These findings may inform therapeutic decisions and stratify patients for additional therapy, including immunotherapy.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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O17 - Anatomical Pathology I (ID 128)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Pathology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:K. Jones, K.F. To
- Coordinates: 10/29/2013, 10:30 - 12:00, Bayside 105, Level 1
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O17.05 - Accuracy and Interobserver Agreement in Identifying Histologic Subtypes in Stage I Lung Adenocarcinomas ≤3 cm Using Frozen Section (ID 2590)
11:15 - 11:25 | Author(s): Y. Yeh
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
The new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) histologic subtypes is now recommended for prognostic stratification. The ability to determine histologic subtype accurately by frozen section (FS) may help surgeons to choose limited resection versus anatomic resection in the management of lung ADC. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy and interobserver agreement of FS for predicting histologic subtype.Methods
FS and permanent section slides from 361 surgically resected stage I lung ADCs ≤3 cm were reviewed for predominant histologic subtype and presence or absence of lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid patterns. To determine interobserver agreement, 50 cases were additionally reviewed by 3 pathologists. To test the accuracy of FS in determining degree of invasion in cases with predominantly lepidic growth pattern, 5 pathologists reviewed FS slides from 35 patients and attempted to discriminate between adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA).Results
The accuracy of FS for predicting histologic subtype is shown in the Table. There was moderate agreement on the predominant histologic subtype between FS diagnosis and final diagnosis (κ=0.565). FS had high specificity for micropapillary and solid patterns (94% and 96%, respectively), but sensitivity was low (37% and 69%, respectively). The interobserver agreement was satisfactory (κ > 0.6, except for acinar pattern). All cases of AIS were correctly diagnosed using FS. For MIA, only 41.3% of FS diagnoses were correct, and 52% were overdiagnosed as LPA; for cases of LPA, 79% of FS diagnoses were correct.Parameter Accuracy, % (95% CI) Sensitivity, % (95% CI) Specificity, % (95% CI) κ Predominant histologic subtype Overall 68 (63–73) Not applicable Not applicable 0.565 Lepidic 90 (86–92) 75 (64–84) 93 (90–96) 0.681 Acinar 76 (71-80) 70 (61–77) 79 (73–84) 0.481 Papillary 85 (81-88) 62 (50–72) 91 (87–94) 0.527 Micropapillary 94 (91-96) 21 (9–40) 99 (97–100) 0.277 Solid 91 (88-94) 79 (67–87) 94 (90–96) 0.700 Presence or absence of each histologic pattern Lepidic 80 (76–84) 75 (69–80) 91 (84–96) 0.588 Acinar 89 (85–92) 90 (86–93) 67 (35–90) 0.252 Papillary 72 (67–77) 70 (64–75) 79 (69–87) 0.397 Micropapillary 67 (62–72) 37 (30–45) 94 (89–97) 0.321 Solid 84 (80–88) 69 (61–76) 96 (92–98) 0.670 Conclusion
FS can provide information on the presence of aggressive histologic patterns—micropapillary and solid—with high specificity but low sensitivity. FS is not suitable for determining the predominant pattern or degree of invasion. Although FS can be helpful in diagnosing AIS, it has poor accuracy in distinguishing MIA from LPA.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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P1.18 - Poster Session 1 - Pathology (ID 175)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Poster Session
- Track: Pathology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/28/2013, 09:30 - 16:30, Exhibit Hall, Ground Level
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P1.18-019 - Micropapillary Histology Is Associated with Occult Lymph Node Metastasis (pN2) in Patients with Clinically N2-Negative (cN0/N1) Lung Adenocarcinoma (ID 3232)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): Y. Yeh
- Abstract
Background
Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma staged as N2-negative in the mediastinum by PET/CT scan, up to 16% will have occult N2 metastasis (pN2) detected on mediastinoscopy or surgical resection. We investigated the association between histologic subtyping (according to the newly proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification) and occult lymph node metastasis in patients with unsuspected N2 disease.Methods
We performed a retrospective review of 297 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (≤2 cm, 51%; >2 cm, 49%) who underwent surgical resection and mediastinal nodal dissection from 2007 to 2009. Mediastinal lymph node disease was assessed preoperatively by FDG-PET/CT scan. Histologic subtyping was performed according to the newly proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification.Results
Ninety-three percent of patients had N0 disease, and 7% had N1 disease, as detected by preoperative PET/CT scan. Of the 297 patients, 32 (10.8%) had occult N2 metastasis identified by pathologic examination (9.7% of patients with cN0 disease, 25% of patients with cN1 disease). On univariate analysis, SUVmax of the primary tumor >4 (p=0.001), predominant histologic subtype (p=0.001), presence or absence of lepidic pattern (p<0.001), micropapillary pattern (p=0.009), and solid pattern (p=0.011) were associated with pN2 disease. On multivariate analysis, presence of lepidic pattern (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.77; p=0.011), presence of micropapillary pattern (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.13-5.92; p=0.025), and SUVmax of the primary tumor >4 (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.03-5.79; p=0.042) were significantly associated with occult N2 metastasis.Conclusion
Micropapillary histology and primary tumor SUVmax >4 on FDG-PET/CT were independently associated with occult N2 metastasis.
