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H. Koyi
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MA 05 - Immuno-Oncology: Novel Biomarker Candidates (ID 658)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Immunology and Immunotherapy
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:Yoichi Nakanishi, P. Mitchell
- Coordinates: 10/16/2017, 15:45 - 17:30, Room 303 + 304
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MA 05.13 - Scavenger Receptor MARCO Defines a Targetable Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subset in Lung Cancer (ID 8641)
17:05 - 17:10 | Author(s): H. Koyi
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with immunosuppressive and tumor promoting features are attractive targets for immunotherapy. MARCO is a scavenger receptor expressed on a subpopulation of macrophages in secondary lymphoid organs. A recent study performed in animal models concluded that treatment with an anti-MARCO antibody results in reprogramming of the TAMs and inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic spread. The expression and function of MARCO in lung cancer TAMs is not known.
Method:
The infiltration of TAMs expressing MARCO, CD68, CD163 and MSR1, in the tumor and stromal compartments, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort (n=352). In addition, PD-L1 expression was assessed on tumor cells. Immunofluorescence was performed on selected cases to evaluate marker co-expression. Associations to immune cells and regulatory inflammatory pathways were studied in a subset of cases (n=174) with available RNA-seq data.
Result:
A large variance in TAM density could be observed between cases as well as a strong correlation between CD68 and CD163, indicating a pro-tumor phenotype of infiltrating macrophages. Correlation to clinical data showed a trend towards worse survival for patients with high macrophage infiltration. TAM expression of MARCO was seen on a subpopulation of pro-tumor macrophages. The majority of MARCO expressing TAMs were found to be located within tumor cell nests. Interestingly, stromal macrophages expressing MARCO tended to aggregate in close proximity to the tumor nests. On the transcriptomic level, increased MARCO gene expression correlated to genes linked to immunosuppressive TAMs, T-cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules like PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The association between macrophage infiltration and tumor cell PD-L1 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Also, co-expression of PD-L1 and MARCO could be detected on certain macrophages within the tumor cell nests.
Conclusion:
MARCO expression characterizes a specific subpopulation of pro-tumor macrophages that are enriched in PD-L1 positive NSCLC cases. Patients with significant infiltration of MARCO positive TAMs could benefit from treatment with anti-MARCO antibodies, possibly in combination with available immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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MA 06 - Lung Cancer Biology I (ID 660)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Biology/Pathology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:N. Motoi, Keith M Kerr
- Coordinates: 10/16/2017, 15:45 - 17:30, Room 501
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MA 06.01 - Cancer Testis Antigens and Mutational Load in Relation to the Immune Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ID 9369)
15:45 - 15:50 | Author(s): H. Koyi
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
The avoidance of immune surveillance by tumor cells is an accepted hallmark of cancer. The aim of this study was to describe the natural immune landscape of NSCLC tissue, to identify important regulatory associations and potential targets of immune response. This includes mutational load and cancer testis antigen (CTA) expression, and the comprehensive analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells in connection with immune signaling and clinical information.
Method:
Tissue microarrays including duplicate cancer samples of 357 NSCLC patients were stained with antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, FoxP3, CD20, CD138, and CD44 to analyze the protein expression in the stroma and tumor compartment. For 197 of these cases, corresponding RNA-seq data were available. The immunological data were correlated to the transcriptomic data and to patients’ clinical outcome. The mutation status and the mutational load was based on a targeted next-generation sequencing panel of 82 genes (HaloPlex).
Result:
The immune cell infiltration was predominantly in the stroma, although CD8 and FoxP3 cells also showed relevant infiltration of the tumor cell compartment. The amount of T-cells of different subsets and CD20-positive B-cells correlated positively to each other. A higher mutational load was associated with higher CD8 T-cell infiltrates, CD45RO cells, FoxP3 regulatory cells as well as CD20-positive B-cells in the tumor compartment. In contrast, the number of expressed CTAs were associated with an abundance of CD45RO-positive cells in the stromal compartment. Only CD44-positivity (HR = 0.61, p< 0.01) as well as high CD20 positive B-cells (HR = 0.34, p< 0.01) and plasma cell (CD138, HR = 0.71, p< 0.05) counts in the tumor, and for plasma cells also the stromal (HR = 0.61, p< 0.01), compartment were associated with longer overall survival.
Conclusion:
Here we describe natural immune profiles in a large clinical NSCLC patient cohort. Interestingly both mutational load and CTA expression is associated with the abundance of distinct immune cell infiltrates. We could not confirm the impact of tumor infiltrating T-cells on survival. However, the consistent prognostic impact of both B-cell markers indicates a major role of the humoral immune response in lung cancer.
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P1.01 - Advanced NSCLC (ID 757)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: Advanced NSCLC
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/16/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P1.01-074 - Exosomal RNA-Profiling of Lung Pleural Effusions Identifies Adenocarcinoma Patients through Elevated miR-200 Expression (ID 8919)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): H. Koyi
- Abstract
Background:
The inherent challenges associated with lung tissue biopsies have spurred an enormous interest in the use of liquid biopsies. Pleural effusions are one such liquid biopsy which may enable lung cancer profiling and also assess if the patient suffers from a benign or malignant process in the lungs. Recently extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, exosomes, have attracted interest as liquid biopsy of tumors since they can be used to look at tumor derived mutations as well as tumor cell activity represented by the RNA transcriptome. The RNA cargo carried in exosomes is known to resemble the RNA profile of the primary tumor. Here we aimed to analyze if microRNA and targeted cancer mRNA profiling of exosomes isolated from pleural effusions could decipher biomarkers associated with lung adenocarcinoma.
Method:
A systematic microRNA profiling of matured processed microRNAs along with targeted cancer mRNA profiling was carried out on extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, derived from 36 clinical pleural effusions, separated into 18 benign and 18 lung adenocarcinoma samples. Benign pleural effusion consisted of unspecific inflammation in the majority of cases. The two groups were well balanced with respect to age (median = 72Y) and smoking history (ever smokers in circa 70% of cases). However, males were overrepresented in the benign group (83% vs 44%). Both microRNA and mRNA profiling was conducted using TaqMan RT-qPCR Open Arrays (containing 800 genes each) followed by statistical ranking (Wilcoxon test) of differentially regulated transcripts between the two patient groups.
Result:
Systematic RNA profiling revealed a substantial, and highly significant (p<0.0001), elevated expression of all members from the extended miR-200 family in pleural effusions collected from patients with NSCLC adenocarcinoma. By cross-analyzing the obtained microRNA profiling data to the mRNA cancer panel expression, statistical enrichment between miR-200 family members and predicted miR-200 target genes, including PIK3CA, NOTCH1 and KRAS was observed (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.0105).
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates the usage of exosomal RNA profiling from pleural effusions to define patients with lung adenocarcinoma and further highlights miR-200 microRNAs as diagnostic markers in lung cancer liquid biopsies. Acknowledgment: This study was supported from the following funding bodies: Swedish Cancer Society, Stockholm Cancer Society, Stockholm County Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and Erling Persson Family Foundation.
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P2.02 - Biology/Pathology (ID 616)
- Event: WCLC 2017
- Type: Poster Session with Presenters Present
- Track: Biology/Pathology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/17/2017, 09:30 - 16:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B + C)
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P2.02-015 - Mutation Patterns in a Swedish Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cohort (ID 10048)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): H. Koyi
- Abstract
Background:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease with unique combinations of somatic molecular alterations in individual patients, as well as significant differences in populations across the world with regard to mutation spectra and mutation frequencies. Here we describe the mutational pattern and linked clinical parameters in a population-based Swedish NSCLC cohort.
Method:
The cohort consists of 354 patients treated surgically at the University Hospital in Uppsala between 2006 to 2010. DNA was extracted from either fresh frozen (n=200) or formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE; n=154) tissues prior to library preparation with Haloplex capture probes and Illumina Hiseq sequencing. The gene panel covers all exons of 82 genes, that have been shown to harbor mutations relevant for NSCLC development, and utilizes a reduced target fragment length and two strand capture compatible with degraded FFPE samples.
Result:
In order to avoid a systematic technical bias between FFPE and fresh-frozen samples, we adapted the sequencing depth and the bioinformatic pipeline for variant calling to obtain uniform sequence coverage and mutational load across the two sample types. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in both adenocarcinoma (AdC; 47%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqC; 85%). KEAP1 or NFE2L2 was mutated in 19% of AdC and 23% of SqC in a mutually exclusive fashion. In AdC, hotspot alterations in driver genes could be seen in KRAS (43%), EGFR (13%), ERBB2 (3%, exon 20 insertions), BRAF (2%) and MET (1%, exon 14 skipping). Mutations in STK11 were observed in 21% of AdC cases. In SqC, frequently mutated genes were MLL2 (26%), PIK3CA (20%), CDKN2A (15%) and DDR2 (4%). Survival analysis revealed a worse overall survival for AdC patients with a mutation in either TP53, STK11 or SMARCA4. In the KRAS-mutated group poor survival appeared to be linked to concomitant TP53 or STK11 mutations, and not to KRAS mutation as a single aberration. In SqC a worse overall survival could be observed for patients with MLL2 mutations. SqC patients with mutations in CSMD3 had trend for a better prognosis.
Conclusion:
Here we have evaluated the mutational status of a Swedish NSCLC cohort. Technical adaption allowed analysis across both FFPE and fresh-frozen samples. Overall, the high frequency of TP53 and KRAS mutations might be related to the large fraction of smokers. Poor prognosis was linked to mutations in TP53, STK11 or SMARCA4 in AdC and MLL2 mutations in SqC.
