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B. Han
Moderator of
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MO12 - Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers III (ID 96)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Medical Oncology
- Presentations: 12
- Moderators:B. Han, M. Edelman
- Coordinates: 10/29/2013, 10:30 - 12:00, Parkside Ballroom B, Level 1
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MO12.01 - Novel Mechanisms of Sensitivity and Acquired Resistance to HSP90 inhibition by Ganetespib (ID 2739)
10:30 - 10:35 | Author(s): S. Busacca, H. Pringle, E. Law, L. O’regan, A.M. Fry, K. Matchett, V. Reichert, I. El-Hariry, M. El-Tanani, D.A. Fennell
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
HSP90 is a promising anti-cancer target. Inhibition by the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib has shown promising activity with improved survival in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, and it is now being evaluated in malignant pleural mesothelioma. However, the mechanisms underlying resistance are currently unknown. The aims of this study were to establish the role for mitochondrial apoptosis in mediating the anti-cancer activity of ganetespib, and to also identify mechanisms of acquired resistance to support personalised therapy.Methods
We conducted a functional genetic screen to determine the role of the proapoptotic BAX/BAK proteins using double knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) shRNA and siRNA. Focused RNAi targeting BH3-only proteins, Caspase 8 and MCL1 was conducted in MSTO-211H, H460 and H23 cell lines. Apoptosis was measured by a Caspase3 activity assay and data were validated by western blot and SubG1 population analysis. Prosurvival Bcl2 family regulation was evaluated by western blot, and MCL1 transcriptional suppression monitored by real-time quantitative PCR and luciferase reporter assay. MCL1 amplification was quantified by genomic real-time PCR. Ganetespib resistant cells were generated by increasing drug exposure. Hsp90 ATP-binding site and Caspase8 were sequenced in both parental and resistant cell lines.Results
Ganetespib required a functional mitochondrial pathway for induction of apoptosis. Interrogation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins revealed a co-operation between BID, BIK and PUMA. Caspase8 activates BID and, when silenced, protected cells from ganetespib. MCL1 was transcriptionally suppressed by ganetespib, and when Mcl-1 downregulation was achieved by siRNA, it was sufficient to induce BID/BIK-dependent apoptosis in MCL1-dependent cells. We observed that MCL1 addicted cells were also more sensitive to ganetespib than non-addicted. In addition, amplification of MCL1 was detected only in ganetespib sensitive cell lines. Ectopic MCL1 was not sufficient to rescue from ganetespib-induced apoptosis. To better understand mechanisms of resistance, we established ganetespib-resistant cell lines. Resistant cells did not select for HSP90 mutations, and these cells conserved on-target suppression of PI3K/AKT, MAPK signalling, upregulation of HSP70, and MCL1 downregulation. However addiction to MCL1 was lost as was block of Caspase8 activation with consequent cross-resistance to TRAIL. PCR of Caspase8 cDNA revealed an acquired structural alteration in the 3’-untranslated region.Conclusion
Here we show that HSP90 inhibition requires engagement of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and involves cooperation of multiple BH3-only proteins with parallel suppression of MCL1. Interestingly, ganetespib may exploit tumour dependence on MCL1; this may be clinically relevant given that MCL1 (1q21.2) amplification correlates with dependence and its gene copy number alteration is one of the most frequent across cancers. Acquired resistance involves selection for loss of dependence on MCL1, and a block in Caspase8 signalling which lies upstream of BID. Failure of ectopic MCL1 overexpression to rescue is indicative of redundant death signalling by ganetespib. Clinical significance of core apoptosis gene expression will be explored and presented in a correlative analysis of the 9090-06 ganetespib monotherapy clinical trial in NSCLC.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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MO12.02 - Association between Gene Expression Profiles and Clinical Outcome of Pemetrexed-Based Treatment in Patients with Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Exploratory Results from a Phase II Study (ID 185)
10:35 - 10:40 | Author(s): D. Fennell, S. Myrand, T. Nguyen, D. Ferry, K.M. Kerr, P. Maxwell, S. Moore, C. Visseren-Grul, M. Das, M. Nicolson
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
We report exploratory gene expression profiling data from a prospective single-arm Phase-II-study in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC) treated with pemetrexed. Main results indicated a significant association of low thymidylate-synthase (TS) expression with longer PFS and OS [1].Methods
Treatment-naive nsNSCLC patients (Stage IIIB/IV) received 4 cycles of first-line pemetrexed/cisplatin; non-progressing patients continued on pemetrexed maintenance [1]. Diagnostic tissue samples were used to assess TS expression (nucleus/cytoplasm) by immunohistochemistry (IHC, H scores), and to extract total mRNA for expression-array profiling (expression of 1,030 genes summarized from 60,000 transcripts). Cox proportional-hazard models were applied to explore the association between each gene and PFS/OS, mRNA gene expression was used both as continuous and binary (cutpoint: median) variable. Unadjusted p-values (significance level =0.01) and false discovery rates (FDR) were calculated. Genes significantly correlated with PFS/OS were further correlated with TS-protein expression (Spearman rank test). Finally, unsupervised clustering was applied to all samples with mRNA expression (n=51) for all 1,030 selected array genes and an overlapping 870-gene subset associated with adenocarcinoma (ADC, n=47) previously described [2].Results
51/70 (72.9%) biopsies were evaluable; 9 of 1,030 genes were significantly associated with PFS/OS (unadjusted p<0.01). 8/9 genes were negatively correlated with nuclear TS expression; the test was statistically significant for 5/8 genes (unadjusted p<0.01, Table 1). None of these genes has a known relationship to folate metabolism. Cluster analysis of all 51 samples based on 1,030 genes revealed no clear trend regarding PFS/OS. Cluster-analysis of 47 ADC samples identified 3 groups (n=21, 11 and 15 patients, respectively) with median (95%CI) PFS and OS of 8.1 (6.9, not estimable [NE]) and 20.3 (17.5, N.E) months; 2.4 (1.2, NE) and 4.3 (1.4, NE) months; and 4.4 (1.2, NE) and 8.3 (3.9, NE) months, respectively. Figure 1Conclusion
This exploratory analysis provides insights on key genes potentially linked to low TS expression. Nine genes were significantly associated with PFS/OS; however such association cannot be differentiated as prognostic or predictive since this study is single arm. Further research would be needed to understand the relationship of these markers with clinical outcomes. [1] Nicolson et al, J Thorac Oncol 2013, May 29 [Epub]. [2] Wilkerson et al, PLoS One 2012;7(5):e36530.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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MO12.03 - Biomarker analysis of a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial comparing pemetrexed/cisplatin and gmcitabine/cisplatin as first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (ID 3483)
10:40 - 10:45 | Author(s): L. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Hu, Y. Liu, J. Zhou, N. Xu, B. Li, G. Wu, X. Liu, J. Fang, K. Li, L. Wei, Y. Lu, M. Wang, W. Liu, H. Liang, Y. Zhang, C. Huang, S. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Yu, J. Chang, Z. Wang
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
The platinum-based doublet regimen was standard of care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the biomarkers to predict the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy is still controversial.Methods
We collected 239 tumor samples (83.0%) from a a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial, which enrolled 288 treatment naïve nonsquamous NSCLC patients who were randomly assigned (1:1) to experimental group to receive cisplatin plus pemetrexed (PC) or the control group to receive gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. We evaluated the EGFR mutation by Amplification Refractory Mutation System(ARMS) method and EML4-ALK fusion by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of excision repair cross complementation 1 (ERCC-1), thymidylate synthase (TS), ribonucleotide reductase M1(RRM-1), and folatereceptor 1(FR-1) was tested by real-time PCR. All of the EGFR mutation, ALK fusion and mRNA expression were analyzed for the correlation with progression free survival, the primary endpoint in the tiral.Results
The EGFR mutation rate was 46.6%(110/236) in the overall population and the ALK fusion rate was 12.0%(29/233). The median PFS was similar between the EGFR mutated patients and wild-type patients(6.0m vs 5.7m,p=0.85), however, the patients of EGFR wild-type had better PFS in the PC group compared with GC group (5.7m vs 3.5m, p=0.03). There are no significant difference between groups in EGFR mutated patients(5.6m vs 6.1m, p=0.59). The patients with ALK fusion seem to have better PFS compared with fusion negative patients (7.7m vs 5.7m), but the difference is not significant(p=0.48). The mRNA expression level was available in 225 patients(94.1%) and we determined the median expression as the cutoff value. The TS expression is significantly correlated with ERCC-1(r=0.67,p<0.001) and negatively correlated with FR-1 expression(r=-0.21,p=0.002). EGFR mutation correlated with lower TS expression(p=0.034) and ALK fusion correlated with higher FR-1 expression(p=0.017). The differences of PFS between the high and low expression of ERCC-1, TS, RRM-1and FR-1 was not significant, in both PC group and GC group.Conclusion
The expression level of ERCC-1, TS, RRM-1and FR-1 could not effectively predict the progression free survival of NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based doublet regimen. The pemetrexed plus cisplatin regimen should be the priority choice for EGFR wild type patients compared with gemcitabine plus cisplatin regimen.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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MO12.04 - Biomarker Analysis of NCIC Clinical Trials Group IND.196, a Phase I study of erlotinib plus foretinib in advanced pretreated non-small cell lung cancer patients (ID 3148)
10:45 - 10:50 | Author(s): N. Leighl, M.S. Tsao, S. Sakashita, D. Tu, C. Ho, F.A. Shepherd, N. Murray, G. Nicholas, J.R. Goffin, L. Kim, S. Kamel-Reid, J. Ho, T. Zhang, M. Sukhai, L. Seymour, G. Goss, P. Bradbury
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Upregulation of MET and more recently AXL have been described as potential mechanisms of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. We explored the impact of baseline MET and AXL tumour expression and circulating hepatocyte growth factor levels, (HGF), in advanced NSCLC patients receiving erlotinib plus foretinib, an oral multi-targeted kinase inhibitor of MET, RON, AXL, TIE-2 and VEGFR.Methods
Advanced NSCLC patients that previously received one or two lines of chemotherapy were treated in IND.196, a phase I dose-finding trial with an initial two-week run-in of single agent erlotinib (100-150 mg daily). If erlotinib was well tolerated, foretinib was then added (30-45 mg daily). Submission of tumour samples (archival or fresh) was mandatory, and circulating HGF levels were determined at baseline and on treatment. Tumour samples were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY analysis. MET and AXL expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. For AXL, the human Axl affinity purified polyclonal goat IgG antibody (R&D systems, AF154, Minneapolis MN) was scored manually. For MET, the anti-total MET (SP-44) rabbit monoclonal antibody (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson AZ) was scored using the Benchmark XT autostainer. Staining intensity (0-3+) and percent cells stained were used to calculate the H-score; H-scores >100 were deemed positive for AXL, and >200 positive for MET.Results
Of 31 patients enrolled, 28 were evaluable for response to combination therapy, with a recommended phase II dose of erlotinib 150 mg daily for a 2-week run-in and then foretinib 30 mg daily added. The overall response rate in the intent to treat population (RECIST 1.1) was 16.1% (95% CI 5.5-33.7%), with partial responses (PR) seen in 5/31 patients and a median response duration of 17.9 months (range 3.6-17.9). Stable disease was seen in 42% (13/31), with a median duration of 4.8 months (95% CI 2.4-15.4). Tumour samples were submitted for 25 patients; 15 had sufficient tissue for genotyping, 17 for assessment of MET, and 16 for AXL expression. 2/5 responding patients had confirmed EGFR mutations, (1 wildtype, 2 unknown). Another 5 had KRAS mutations, one with >20% reduction in tumour size but SD by RECIST. Of 17 patients with MET IHC results, 71% (12/17) were positive. PR was seen in 3/12 patients with MET-positive tumours, (2 with EGFR mutations, 1 wildtype). No response was seen in those with MET-negative tumours. Of 16 samples with AXL IHC results, 9 were positive (56%). PR was seen in 2/9 with AXL-positive tumours and 2/6 with AXL-negative tumours. AXL expression was not seen in samples with EGFR mutations, but 3/5 KRAS mutant samples were AXL positive. Assessment of circulating HGF levels will be presented at the 2013 WCLC meeting.Conclusion
Baseline MET expression, uncontrolled for EGFR status, may be associated with response to combination erlotinib/foretinib. No correlation between baseline AXL expression and response was seen although the sample size is small. Further study is needed to control for the impact of EGFR mutation status on response, and to assess whether combination erlotinib/foretinib can overcome resistance to EGFR TKI therapy mediated by MET and AXL.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Heat shock proteins are a group of proteins termed stress proteins. The family of Hsp90 includes Hsp90α and Hsp90β, but only Hsp90α has been described to be extracellular, and the presence of Hsp90α on cell surface has been shown to correlate with malignancy in cancer patients, especially with the tumor metastasis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no large clinical samples have been reported to verify above standpoint. The aim of the present multicenter clinical study was to evaluate the expression level of Hsp90α in lung cancer patients and whether Hsp90α was monitor and predictor for response to therapy in lung cancer.Methods
A total of 2284 lung cancer patients were enrolled in this study which was randomly assigned into two groups as static and dynamic groups. The static group (2036 samples) consisted of healthy subjects (592 samples), lung cancer (1046 samples), non-cancerous lesions of the lung patients(361 samples ) and other cancer patients(37 samples). Samples of peripheral blood from all subjects were collected in sterile EDTA-K2-coated vials. Whereas the dynamic group included lung cancer patients who received surgical treatment and underwent chemotherapy, with number of above mentioned parts 79 and 169, respectively. For surgical patients, plasma samples were collected at following time points: 3 days before surgery, 3-7 days after surgery and 3 days after clinical efficacy evaluation. Similarly, plasma samples of chemotherapy patients were also collected before treatment, after each chemotherapy cycle until the forth cycle. The concentrations of Hsp90α in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results
The concentration of Hsp90α in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than in other control groups (P <0.05). The cut-off value was 56.33 ng/mL for diagnosis, with high sensitivity and specificity (72.18% and 78.70%, respectively). Advanced lung cancer (stage III-Ⅳ) patients were with higher Hsp90α levels than the early patients(stage I-II) (251.38 ng/ml vs 111.50ng/ml, P<0.001), no significant relationship was found between non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC,910 samples）patients and small cell lung cancer （SLCL, 136 samples）patients, and patients with adenocarcinoma(537 samples) and squamouscarcinoma (218 samples). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was observed between pre-operative and post-operative patients in surgical patients group (P<0.01). In chemotherapy patients group, Hsp90α level was correlated significantly with the effect of treatment [concentration of Hsp90α was higher in progressive disease(PD)group than in partial response(PR)/stable disease(SD) group].Conclusion
This study firstly developed large clinical samples and elucidated the role of Hsp90α in the lung cancer patients. The cut-off value of 56.33 ng/mL was recommended to assess the expression level of Hsp90α in lung cancer patients. Hsp90α may be a potential biomarker for therapeutic monitor and prediction for lung cancer.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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MO12.06 - DISCUSSANT (ID 3913)
10:55 - 11:10 | Author(s): V. Papadimitrakopoulou
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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MO12.07 - The prevalence of MET expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the MetLung (OAM4971g) trial: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study with erlotinib + onartuzumab (MetMAb) vs erlotinib + placebo in patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (ID 2709)
11:10 - 11:15 | Author(s): M.J. Edelman, D. Spigel, K. O'Byrne, T. Mok, S. Mocci, W. Yu, V. Paton, L. Paz-Ares Rodriguez
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
MET signaling is correlated with a poor prognosis in multiple tumor types, including NSCLC. A randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial demonstrated a PFS and OS benefit of inhibiting MET signaling with erlotinib + onartuzumab, a humanized monovalent antibody to the MET receptor, in patients whose NSCLC over-expressed MET by IHC (in press). A phase III trial (OAM4971g) is ongoing to confirm the benefit of onartuzumab when combined with erlotinib in patients with previously treated NSCLC whose tumors over-express MET by IHC (2+/3+ only). Here, we present the prevalence rates of MET expression and EGFR mutation status for patients whose tumor tissues were screened and for those enrolled in the phase III study.Methods
Archival or fresh biopsy tumor specimens were submitted to a central laboratory for both MET IHC and EGFR mutation assessment. MET IHC status was determined using the CONFIRM SP44 anti-MET monoclonal antibody (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ). Patients were selected based on expression of MET by IHC, as defined by moderate or strong staining in at least 50% of tumor cells (clinical score 2+/3+). The cobas[®]EGFR mutation test was used to stratify enrollment.Results
Between November 2011 and June 2013, 1605 tumor tissue samples were submitted for MET IHC and EGFR activating mutation analysis, from 188 clinical study centers. The majority of screened and enrolled patients were over 60 years of age, Caucasian, male, and had non-squamous NSCLC histology (see table). MET IHC results are available for 1474 (92%) of all submitted samples: IHC 0 (n=118, 8%), IHC 1+ (n=619, 42%), IHC 2+ (n=575, 39%), IHC 3+ (n=162, 11%). The incidence of MET IHC 2+/3+ in screened patient subgroups is as follows: non-squamous 52.5%; squamous 29.2%; non-Asian 45.9%; Asian 48%; EGFR wild type 50.3%; EGFR mutant 57.5%. Table: Patient characteristics for screened and enrolled patients in the OAM4971g studyScreened (n=1605) Enrolled (n=443) Age (years) n 1482 442 Median 63.0 62.5 Range 24–89 24–84 Race n 1482 443 White 1187 (80.1%) 316 (71.3%) Asian 185 (12.5%) 72 (16.3%) Black or African American 44 (3.0%) 11 (2.5%) Sex n 1483 443 Male 937 (63.2%) 244 (55.1%) Histology n 1451 440 Non-squamous 1096 (75.5%) 374 (85.0%) MET IHC score n 1474 443 3+ 162 (11.0%) 97 (21.9%) 2+ 575 (39.0%) 346 (78.1%) 1+ 619 (42.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 118 (8.0%) 0 (0.0%) EGFR activating mutation n 1422 443 Yes 114 (8.0%) 46 (10.4%) No 1308 (92.0%) 397 (89.6%) Conclusion
In this large population, the prevalence of MET IHC 2+/3+ was 50% in screened samples, consistent with prior IHC results for MET prevalence. The prevalence of MET IHC 2+/3+ was higher in non-squamous vs squamous tissue samples, but equally distributed across ethnicity and EGFR mutation status. The ongoing OAM4971g study will prospectively confirm whether blocking MET signaling in patients with MET IHC 2+/3+ over-expressing NSCLC provides clinically meaningful benefit in all enrolled patients and in important clinical subpopulations.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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MO12.08 - Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) serum levels predict for outcome in patients with Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) (ID 2720)
11:15 - 11:20 | Author(s): I. González, I. Cañadas, A. Taus, D. Casadevall, A.I. Luque, X. Villanueva, A. Rovira, J. Albanell, E. Arriola
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancers. Treatment for SCLC has not changed in recent years and no targeted therapy has shown an increase in survival. We have previouly shown that Met phosphorylation is an adverse prognostic factor in this disease, suggesting a potential interest of Met targeted therapies in the treatment of SCLC patients. The aims of our study were to evaluate serum levels of the Met ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with SCLC and to assess the correlations with other clinical variables and survival.Methods
This is a prospective study conducted between 2009 and 2012. Serum samples were obtained from patients with SCLC at diagnosis, at first evaluation of response to standard chemotherapy by computerized tomography (CT) and at progression/relapse (first event). HGF levels were assessed by ELISA using the Quantikine commercial kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). We evaluated the association between HGF levels and clinical-pathological variables by the Mann-Whitney tests and with survival in univariate (log-rank test) and multivariate analysis (Cox regression), assuming a statistical significance of p <0.05.Results
Fifty-nine patients were included in this study. Median follow-up was 11 months. Patients’ characteristics are summarized in Table 1. The median serum HGF (range) at diagnosis, response and progression were 1750 pg/ml (651-9853), 1573 pg/ml (593-8518) and 1461 pg/ml (553-12956), respectively. In 72.5% of cases HGF levels decreased after 3 cycles of chemotherapy (platinum+etoposide). From the response time point to progression, 50% patients showed an increase in the HGF levels. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire population was 11,8 months(95% CI 6.4-14.8). The median OS for patients with high basal HGF (above 1750pg/ml) was 7,9 months vs 16,7 months for patients with basal HGF below the median. Patients whose HGF levels increased at progression presented a decreased survival (9,23 months) vs. those with a decrease (15,11 months) (p=0.032). In the multivariate analysis, PS> 1 (HR: 5.57, 95% CI 2.63-11.77 p < 0.001), stage IV (HR: 4.28, 95% CI 1.76-10.44 p = 0.001) and elevated HGF basal levels were independently associated with worse OS (HR: 3.32, 95% CI 1.57-7.03, p =0.002).Patients' characteristics
N (%) Median age 65.6 (46-86) Gender Male 48 (81.4) Female 11 (18.6) Smoking status Current 40 (67.8) Former 18 (30.5) Never 1 (1.7) Performance status 0-1 44 (74.6) 2-3 15 (25.4) Stage I-III 16 (27.1) IV 43 (72.9) Conclusion
HGF serum levels at diagnosis and changes during treatment are predictors of survival in patients with SCLC treated with standard first-line chemotherapy.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
BIM deletion polymorphism was reported to be associated with poor outcome to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mutant EGFR gene. Little is known whether BIM deletion polymorphism influences treatment outcome to chemotherapy in NSCLC.Methods
We prospectively collect blood samples and clinical data from two independent cohorts of advanced NSCLC patients. The first cohort is composed of 52 patients who received first-line chemotherapies, and the second cohort is composed of 69 patients who received chemotherapy after front-line gefitinib. BIM deletion polymorphism was determined from blood using polymerase chain reaction. EGFR gene was studied in 94 tumors and were classified as wild type, common EGFR mutation (deletion 19 or L858R), or other mutations.Results
The median progression-free survival (PFS) to the first cohort and second cohort were 4.6 and 5.7 months, respectively (p=0.94). The PFS for tumors carrying wild-type, common mutant, and other mutant EGFR genes were 5.8, 4.4, and 7.2 months, respectively (p=0.31). The BIM deletion polymorphism was detected in 19 samples (15.7%). The PFS of patients with normal BIM (solid line of the figure) and BIM deletion polymorphism (dashed line of the figure) were 5.6 and 3.5 months (p=0.03). BIM deletion was related to shorter PFS in tumors carrying mutant EGFR gene (p=0.006) but not those carrying wild-type or other mutant EGFR genes. A multivariate analysis suggested BIM deletion was an independent predictor for shorter PFS to chemotherapy (harzard ratio=2.71, p=0.003).
Figure 1variate hazard ratio p-value BIM deletion 2.71 0.003 Male gender 1.57 0.04 stage IV disease 1.93 0.18 EGFR mutation 1.0 0.96 Old age 1.01 0.21 Conclusion
BIM deletion polymorphism is associated with shorter PFS to chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Drug resistance significantly weakens the effect of treatment. BIM deletion polymorphism has emerged as a potential drug resistant biomarker. This study aimed at assessing the correlation of BIM deletion with the outcome of Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs ) and chemotherapy in Chinese NSCLC patientsMethods
290 patients with advanced NSCLC who received EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. BIM deletion polymorphism and EGFR mutations were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) respectively.Results
BIM deletion polymorphism occurs commonly in Chinese NSCLC patients (15.5%, 45/290). No associations were observed between BIM deletion polymorphism with clinicopathology characteristics including sex, smoking and EGFR mutation status. BIM deletion polymorphism predicts shorter PFS in Chinese patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC received EGFR-TKIs (6.69 vs 8.47months, P=0.023). Meanwhile, we found that BIM deletion polymorphism is an effective predictor of short PFS in individuals with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with pemetrexed contained chemotherapy (3.32vs5.30, P=0.012) or with second-/beyond-line Taxanes contained chemotherapy (1.53 vs 2.61months, P=0.025) However, In the EGFR-wild type group, the difference is not significant for the former two groups. patients with this deletion are prone to suffering serious adverse event (SAE) (4.5% vs. 15.6%, P=0.018). BIM deletion lacks for correlation with OS. (21.87vs21.90months, P=0.627), even in the EGFR-mutant group.Conclusion
BIM deletion polymorphism occurs in 15.5% Chinese NSCLC patients. BIM deletion polymorphism is a drug resistance biomarker for TKIs and chemotherapy in NSCLC. BIM deletion possibly affects OS, but not a decisive factor.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
The BCL-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) is a potent pro-apoptotic protein. Recent data suggest that pretreatment BIM level may predict responsiveness to EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, a common BIM deletion polymorphism contributes to the heterogeneity of response to EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. We investigated whether BIM expression and BIM deletion polymorphism (BIM-DEL) are predictive for response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS) to EGFR-TKI therapy in never-smoking lung adenocarcinoma (NSLA).Methods
We analyzed EGFR mutation status by Sanger sequencing, BIM-DEL genotyping by polymerase-chain reaction and BIM expression by immunohistochemistry using archival tissues or blood from 203 patients who participated in the FIRST-SIGNAL trial (1[st] line gefitinib vs. Gemcitabine/cisplatin in advanced NSLA).Results
EGFR mutation test, BIM-DEL genotyping and BIM-IHC analysis were available in 82, 126 and 60 patients, respectively. Forty-five (55%) patients had EGFR mutations, 22 (18%) showed BIM-DEL and 22 (37%) showed negative BIM expression. BIM expression was significantly associated with EGFR mutation status; more patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC showed negative BIM expression (48% vs. 21%, P=0.030). BIM-DEL was not associated with EGFR mutation status or BIM expression. Among 181 patients who received EGFR-TKI as 1[st] or 2[nd]-line therapy, EGFR mutation, BIM-DEL and BIM expression data were available in 74, 11, 56 patients, respectively. EGFR mutation was predictive for higher RR (66% vs. 15%, P<.001) and longer PFS (4.5 vs. 1.9 months, P=.061) to EGFR-TKI therapy. Negative BIM expression also showed a trend toward higher RR (68% vs. 42%, P=.061) and longer PFS (6.9 vs. 2.3 months, P=.233) with EGFR-TKI. However, BIM-DEL was not predictive for RR (41% vs. 47%, P=.645) or PFS (3.5 vs. 3.7 months, P=.892) to EGFR-TKI.Conclusion
Both BIM-DEL and BIM expression were not predictive for responsiveness to EGFR-TKI in NSLA. The trend between negative BIM expression and favorable response to EGFR-TKI may be resulted from higher frequency of EGFR mutation in these patients.Only Members that have purchased this event or have registered via an access code will be able to view this content. To view this presentation, please login, select "Add to Cart" and proceed to checkout. If you would like to become a member of IASLC, please click here.
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MO12.12 - DISCUSSANT (ID 3914)
11:35 - 11:50 | Author(s): A. Adjei
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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Author of
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CALC - Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer Session (ID 79)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Other Sessions
- Track: Other Topics
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:C. Bai, Y. Wu, D.C. Lam
- Coordinates: 10/27/2013, 07:30 - 12:00, Parkside Auditorium, Level 1
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CALC.10 - Second Line Treatment of NSCLC: Needed to Detect Driven Gene Mutation Status (ID 3877)
11:05 - 11:15 | Author(s): B. Han
- Abstract
Abstract
Despite progressive advances in biomarker-driven personalised therapeutic approaches to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years, the efficacy of first-line treatment remains suboptimal. Most chemotherapy-treated patients experience disease progression within 3–6 months[1,2] and even those who initially benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy inevitably progress after 10–14 months.[3–6] However, 40–50% of patients have a good performance status at progression and are suitable for subsequent therapy.[7,8] Thus, improving second-line treatment has the potential to significantly impact patient outcomes. The success of several molecularly targeted therapies in the first-line setting in clinical trials has stimulated research interest in similar applications in the second-line setting. Data from the DELTA[9] and CTONG0806[10] studies presented at ASCO 2013 corroborate findings from the TAILOR[11] study which suggest that chemotherapy may be a marginally better option than epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKI for EGFR wild-type patients beyond the first-line setting. It is now clear that treatment response varies widely between patients with different biomarker profiles and this underscores the increasing importance of biomarker testing prior to second-line therapy. For patients with unknown mutation status in the first-line setting, biomarker analysis upon progression is essential to guide second-line treatment decisions to optimise treatment response, both for targeted therapies and chemotherapy. In the pivotal BR.21 trial of erlotinib versus placebo in the second-line setting, response to erlotinib increased from 8.9% in the unselected population to 27.0% in the EGFR mutation-positive sub-population. Similarly, overall survival (OS) increased from 6.7 months to 10.9 months when the EGFR genotype was known.[12,13] In patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive tumours, crizotinib has demonstrated superiority to chemotherapy in the second-line setting with improved progression-free survival (PFS; 7.7 vs. 3.0 months; p<0.001) and quality of life, an important second-line outcome.[14] Although improvements in chemotherapy efficacy seem to have reached a plateau, the use of molecular testing to identify patients who will benefit most from chemotherapy is being actively investigated. A recent study exploring the predictive role of BRCA1 and ERRC1 genes in patients receiving second-line platinum-based chemotherapy showed that low mRNA levels of both genes correlated with increased OS (16.0 vs. 5.4 months; p<0.001) and PFS (4.1 vs. 2.0 months; p=0.002) compared with high levels.[15] Although clinically validated biomarkers have not been identified for most therapies, they remain a critical focus of research and currently available information offers clinicians new insights into second-line management. For patients with known mutation status who experience disease progression following first-line therapy, biomarker testing prior to therapy allows identification of mechanisms of acquired resistance to enable clinicians to tailor subsequent treatment strategies. The most common mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is the T790M mutation, which has been reported in up to 60% of patients with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance.[16–19] Oxnard et al. demonstrated favourable prognosis and more indolent disease progression in patients with T790M-mediated acquired resistance compared with other mechanisms of acquired resistance, and customised subsequent treatment based on these findings. Over 80% of T790M-positive patients were maintained on TKI therapy, along with chemotherapy, to help maintain the indolent characteristics of T790M-associated progression.[17] A re-response phenomenon has also been described in T790M-positive patients in whom TKI-sensitive cells repopulate upon cessation of TKI therapy, allowing the tumour to regain sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. Thus, re-treatment with EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy may be well suited to target both sensitive and resistant cell populations.[20] Other mechanisms of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance include secondary c-MET overexpression/amplification via HER3/erbB3 or KRAS activation (5–19%), AXL upregulation (20–25%) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase mutations (5%).[21,22] Similarly, secondary genetic alterations have been demonstrated in crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive tumours.[23,24] For patients with known mutation status who are still on first-line treatment, biomarker testing provides real-time information to monitor for the development of mutations and to uncover additional targetable tumour characteristics that may impact treatment response and warrant a change in therapy. Tumour characteristics may evolve following first-line treatment as tumour heterogeneity may exist at both genomic and morphological levels. Bai et al. investigated the impact of chemotherapy on EGFR mutation in advanced NSCLC patients who received first-line chemotherapy and patients with stage IIb–IIIb disease who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and found that mutation-positive rates were lower post-chemotherapy in both cohorts (p<0.01 and p=0.13, respectively). Importantly, patients who lost EGFR mutation positivity post-chemotherapy had a better partial response than patients with a reverse change (p=0.037).[25] Morphological tumour heterogeneity following first-line therapy has been increasingly reported in the literature. EGFR mutation-positive adenocarcinomas have been reported to transform to small cell histology with maintained EGFR mutation following progression.[16,18] In a study by Sequist et al., these observations allowed investigators to switch patients to small cell lung cancer chemotherapy regimens, with 75% responding to treatment.[18] Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions have also been reported.[18,26] Biomarker testing in the second-line setting is important to detect any changes in tumour characteristics before significant clinical deterioration when alterations to regimens might be most effective. The growing number of biomarker-targeted treatment options may create a need for biopsy or re‑biopsy during treatment. Recent guidelines by the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and the Association for Molecular Pathology recommends re-biopsies for EGFR and ALK mutation analysis to guide treatment decisions beyond the first-line setting.[27] Although re-biopsy may be challenging due to patients’ and/or clinicians’ reluctance, it has shown to be feasible and provides sufficient material for mutation analysis in most patients. High-sensitivity sequencing methods can detect T790M mutation in up to 68% of re-biopsy samples from patients with acquired resistance.[16,17,28,29] Nevertheless, promising surrogates for tumour tissue DNA, such as circulating blood biomarkers, are being investigated and may represent a less invasive approach. The BATTLE-1 trial, which employed real-time biopsies to match patients to targeted therapies, proved that a biomarker-driven treatment approach is feasible.[30] BATTLE-2, which involves more drug combinations, and real-time selection and validation of predictive biomarkers, is currently ongoing;[31] the highly anticipated results hold promise for revolutionising NSCLC treatment.
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P3.06 - Poster Session 3 - Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers (ID 178)
- Event: WCLC 2013
- Type: Poster Session
- Track: Biology
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 10/30/2013, 09:30 - 16:30, Exhibit Hall, Ground Level
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P3.06-053 - A diagnostic study to determine the prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in Asian and Russian patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma histology: IGNITE study design (ID 1610)
09:30 - 09:30 | Author(s): B. Han
- Abstract
Background
EGFR mutation status is widely accepted as an important biomarker in NSCLC. To assess the current status of EGFR mutation testing, including testing procedures, sample types, mutation prevalence across demographic/histological subgroups (adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma histologies), and impact of EGFR mutations on personalized therapy choice, a large, multinational, diagnostic, non-comparative, interventional study (NCT01788163; IGNITE) of EGFR mutation status in patients with locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC of adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma histology will be conducted across centers in the Asia Pacific region and Russia.Methods
Approximately 3500 patients (age ≥18 years) with chemotherapy naïve, Stage IIIA/B/IV NSCLC (newly diagnosed or recurrent disease after surgical resection) that is not suitable for curative treatment will be recruited over ~18 months from Asia Pacific (including 25 centers in China) and Russia. To give similar precision for the estimation of EGFR mutation frequency in the key non-adenocarcinoma subgroup in Asia Pacific and Russia, 2500 patients from Asia Pacific (assumptions: 20% patients non-adenocarcinoma histology, with 10% EGFR mutation frequency [one-fifth of the 50% prevalence in adenocarcinoma]; precision ±3%) and 1000 patients from Russia (assumptions: 20% patients non-adenocarcinoma histology, with 4% EGFR mutation frequency [one-fifth of the 20% prevalence in adenocarcinoma]; precision ±4%) need to be screened. Provision of diagnostic tumor samples for testing will be mandatory for all patients; additionally, plasma samples, which contain circulating-free tumor derived DNA (cfDNA), will be collected for EGFR mutation testing of plasma from a subset of 2500 patients in Russia, China, Taiwan and Korea. EGFR testing will be performed according to local practices, with Exon 19 deletions and L858R point mutations assessed as a minimum. The first-line (all patients) and second-line (patients with mutation-positive NSCLC; estimated 50% will progress to second-line treatment by study cutoff) therapy choices will be recorded. The primary objective is to determine EGFR mutation (and subtype) frequency in patients with adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma NSCLC (overall and by country/region). Secondary objectives are: to describe first-line therapy following EGFR mutation testing and second-line therapy following discontinuation of first-line treatment in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC confirmed by tissue/cytology; to determine concordance between EGFR mutation status determined using tissue/cytology versus plasma; to summarize current EGFR testing practices (methods, sample types, mutation detection rate, turnaround time, and reasons for not performing testing); to determine correlations between EGFR mutation status (derived from tumor or plasma) and demographic data and disease status. The secondary analyses in this study will provide information on current testing and therapeutic practices in advanced NSCLC across the Asia Pacific region and Russia, as well as an assessment of the utility of cfDNA as a less invasive methodology for the assessment of EGFR mutation status in patients with NSCLC.Results
Not applicable.Conclusion
Not applicable.
